Table 7 Factors affecting job performance on the macro-, meso-, and micro-levels
Level | Factors that positively affect performance | Factors that negatively affect performance |
|---|---|---|
Macro (organisation) | Organisational support Organisational structure Involved organisational culture | Toxic climate/culture Abusive supervision Turnover of high-performing employees |
Meso (management/team) | Team structure Perceived interdependence Social supports | Abusive supervision Limited resources Heavy workloads Dissatisfaction with co-workers |
Micro (individual) | Work engagement Role clarity Autonomy Skills and level of education Personal characteristics (openness to change, extraversion, eagerness, and creativity) | Low emotional intelligence Machiavellianism Burnout |