Table 7 Factors affecting job performance on the macro-, meso-, and micro-levels
| Level | Factors that positively affect performance | Factors that negatively affect performance |
|---|---|---|
| Macro (organisation) |
Organisational support Organisational structure Involved organisational culture |
Toxic climate/culture Abusive supervision Turnover of high-performing employees |
| Meso (management/team) |
Team structure Perceived interdependence Social supports |
Abusive supervision Limited resources Heavy workloads Dissatisfaction with co-workers |
| Micro (individual) |
Work engagement Role clarity Autonomy Skills and level of education Personal characteristics (openness to change, extraversion, eagerness, and creativity) |
Low emotional intelligence Machiavellianism Burnout |