Table 1 Descriptive statistics of variables in the studya
Variable | Frequency/Mean (SD) (n = 1381) | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
Age | ||
 18–35 | 755 | 54.7% |
 36–49 | 217 | 15.7% |
 50+ | 409 | 29.6% |
 Age (18–85 years) /Mean (SD) | 38.27 (16.05) |  |
Sex | ||
 Male | 748 | 54.2% |
 Female | 633 | 45.8% |
Region of residence | ||
 Ashanti | 546 | 39.5% |
 Greater Accra | 203 | 14.7% |
 Eastern Region | 206 | 14.9% |
 Upper East | 426 | 30.8% |
Locality | ||
 Urban | 813 | 58.9% |
 Rural | 568 | 41.1% |
Duration of stay (in years) | ||
 Mean/SD | 19.24/17.55 |  |
 Minimum-Maximum | 0–85 |  |
Educational attainment | ||
 Never been to school | 212 | 15.4% |
 Primary school | 194 | 14.0% |
 JHS | 344 | 24.9% |
 MSLC | 102 | 7.4% |
 O′ Level | 41 | 3.0% |
 A’ Level | 24 | 1.7% |
 SHS/Vocational/Technical | 243 | 17.6% |
 Tertiary | 188 | 13.6% |
 Postgraduate | 27 | 2.0% |
Employment status | ||
 Full-time employee | 267 | 19.3% |
 Part-time employee | 89 | 6.4% |
 Self-employed | 438 | 31.7% |
 Pension/retired | 81 | 5.9% |
 Student | 199 | 14.4% |
 Housewife | 33 | 2.4% |
 Unemployed | 270 | 19.6% |
Religiosity | ||
 Extremely non-religious | 27 | 2.0% |
 Very non-religious | 20 | 1.4% |
 Somewhat non-religious | 30 | 2.2% |
 Neither religious nor non-religious | 103 | 7.5% |
 Somewhat religious | 174 | 12.6% |
 Very religious | 787 | 57.0% |
 Extremely religious | 228 | 16.5% |
Monthly Income (if employed) (Range: GH¢20–2500, ~ US$4–502.50) |  | GH¢480.73 (446.91) US$96.63 (89.83) |
 Low (US$ 0–57) | 256 | 32.4% |
 Lower-middle (US$58–96) | 162 | 20.5% |
 Middle (US$ 97–166) | 89 | 11.3% |
 Upper-middle (US$ 167+) | 118 | 14.9% |
Socioeconomic Status | ||
 Low (score 1–4) | 311 | 39.3% |
 Middle (score 5–7) | 405 | 51.2% |
 High (8–10) | 71 | 9.0% |
 Mean/SD | 4.72(2.24) |  |
Household size | ||
 Mean (SD) | 5.69 (3.11) |  |
Marital status | ||
 Married | 629 | 45.5% |
 Divorced | 34 | 2.5% |
 Widowed | 79 | 5.7% |
 Separated | 33 | 2.4% |
 Living together as married | 30 | 2.2% |
 Single | 540 | 39.1% |
Trust in the healthcare system | ||
 Not at all | 198 | 14.3 |
 Not very much | 331 | 24.0 |
 To some extent | 622 | 45.0 |
 A great deal | 230 | 16.7 |
NHIS Subscription | ||
 Yes | 640 | 46.3% |
 No | 739 | 53.5% |
Health status | ||
 Poor | 118 | 8.5 |
 Fair | 191 | 13.8 |
 Good | 495 | 35.8 |
 Very good | 339 | 24.5 |
 Excellent | 214 | 15.5 |
Happiness | ||
 Completely unhappy | 47 | 3.4 |
 Very unhappy | 67 | 4.9 |
 Fairly unhappy | 65 | 4.7 |
 Neither happy nor unhappy | 86 | 6.2 |
 Fairly happy | 382 | 27.7 |
 Very happy | 505 | 36.6 |
 Completely happy | 181 | 13.1 |
Bonding SC | ||
 Mean/SD | 2.98(1.56) |  |
 Minimum-Maximum | 1–6 |  |
Bridging SC | ||
 Mean/SD | 2.39(1.75) |  |
 Minimum-Maximum | 0–6 |  |
Linking SC | ||
 Mean/SD | 2.33(2.02) |  |
 Minimum-Maximum | 0–7 |  |
Welfare attitudes | ||
 Strongly disagree | 92 | 6.7 |
 Disagree | 225 | 16.3 |
 Neither agree nor disagree | 241 | 17.4 |
 Agree | 574 | 41.6 |
 Strongly agree | 249 | 18.0 |
Interest in politics | ||
 Not at all interested | 383 | 27.7 |
 Not very interested | 229 | 16.6 |
 Somewhat interested | 276 | 20.0 |
 Fairly interested | 213 | 15.4 |
 Very interested | 279 | 20.2 |