Table 3 Methods reported by participants to measure and monitor patient safety in Saudi hospitals
From: Measuring and monitoring patient safety in hospitals in Saudi Arabia
Dimension | No. | List of reported methods of measurement | Number of participants reported the measure (no.) % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(12) Front-line staff | (9) Non front-line staff | (21) All | |||
1. Harm | 1 | Incident reports | (7) 58.3% | (8) 88.9% | (15) 71.4% |
2 | Mortality and morbidity rates | (5) 41.7% | (1) 11.1% | (6) 28.6% | |
3 | Patient safety indicators | (4) 33.3% | - | (4) 19% | |
4 | Incidence of falls | (3) 25% | - | (3) 14.3% | |
5 | Mortality review committees | (1) 8.3% | (1) 11.1% | (2) 9.5% | |
6 | Meetings and discussion of sentinel events | - | (1) 11.1% | (1) 4.8% | |
7 | Medication error reporting | - | (1) 11.1% | (1) 4.8% | |
8 | Infection rates | - | (1) 11.1% | (1) 4.8% | |
9 | National hotline to report safety concerns | - | (1) 11.1% | (1) 4.8% | |
10 | Patient satisfaction surveys | - | (1) 11.1% | (1) 4.8% | |
2. Reliability of safety critical processes | 1 | Monitoring compliance to hand hygiene | (4) 33.3% | (3) 33.3% | (7) 33.3% |
2 | Observation of safety critical behaviours | (3) 25% | (2) 22.2% | (5) 23.9% | |
3 | Monitoring standards | - | (5) 55.5% | (5) 23.9% | |
4 | Reaccreditation CBAHI | (1) 8.3% | (1) 11.1% | (2) 9.5% | |
5 | Quality officer checks on compliance to policies and procedures | - | (2) 22.2% | (2) 9.5% | |
6 | Venous thromboembolism risk assessment | (1) 8.3% | - | (1) 4.8% | |
7 | Key performance indicators of patient safety goals | - | (1) 11.1% | (1) 4.8% | |
8 | Audit of equipment availability by infection control staff | (1) 8.3% | - | (1) 4.8% | |
9 | Infection control checklists | - | (1) 11.1% | (1) 4.8% | |
10 | Clinical audit | - | (1) 11.1% | (1) 4.8% | |
3. Sensitivity to operations | 1 | Safety walk-rounds | (3) 25% | (1) 11.1% | (4) 19% |
2 | Ward rounds and conversations with staff | (1) 8.3% | (1) 11.1% | (2) 9.5% | |
3 | Talking to patients | (1) 8.3% | - | (1) 4.8% | |
4. Anticipation and preparedness | 4 | Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) to identify risks | - | (2) 22.2% | (2) 9.5% |
5 | Staff assessment and credentialing | (2) 16.7% | (1) 11.1% | (3) 14.3% | |
6 | Risk registers | - | (2) 22.2% | (2) 9.5% | |
7 | Anticipated staffing levels | (1) 8.3% | (1) 11.1% | (2) 9.5% | |
8 | Hazard vulnerability analysis | (1) 8.3% | - | (1) 4.8% | |
9 | Safety culture assessment | - | (1) 11.1% | (1) 4.8% | |
10 | Systems to report near misses to identify risks | - | (1) 11.1% | (1) 4.8% | |
5. Integration and learning | 1 | Analysis and learning from incidents leading to implementation of safety lessons | (1) 8.3% | (3) 33.3% | (4) 19% |
2 | Learning from root cause analysis | (1) 8.3% | (2) 22.2% | (3) 14.3% | |
3 | Learning and mitigation plans made based on FMEA data | - | (3) 33.3% | (3) 14.3% | |
4 | Feedback by clinical teams following analysis of incident reports | (1) 8.3% | (1) 11.1% | (2) 9.5% | |
5 | Learning from mortality and morbidity review committees | - | (1) 11.1% | (1) 4.8% | |
6 | Lessons following near miss reporting | - | (1) 11.1% | (1) 4.8% | |
7 | Sharing patient safety lessons at national level between hospitals | - | (1) 11.1% | (1) 4.8% | |