Table 2 Summary of the scores for the 16 criteria used to assess the methodological quality shown for all studies, quantitative and qualitative studies*
From: Barriers and facilitators to the uptake of new medicines into clinical practice: a systematic review
QASTDD tool criteria and study design | Range | Mean | Standard deviation | % maximum of possible score achieved |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Explicit theoretical framework (all studies) | 0–3 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 62% |
Quantitative studies | 0–3 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 62% |
Qualitative studies | 1–3 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 56% |
2. Statement of aims/objectives in main body of report (all studies) | 2–3 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 93% |
Quantitative studies | 2–3 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 92% |
Qualitative studies | 3 | 3 | 0 | 100% |
3. Clear description of research setting (all studies) | 2–3 | 2.7 | 0.5 | 89% |
Quantitative studies | 2–3 | 2.7 | 0.5 | 89% |
Qualitative studies | 2–3 | 2.7 | 0.5 | 89% |
4. Evidence of sample size considered in terms of analysis (all studies) | 0–3 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 50% |
Quantitative studies | 1–3 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 49% |
Qualitative studies | 0–3 | 2 | 1.7 | 67% |
5. Representative sample of target group of a reasonable size (all studies) | 1–3 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 74% |
Quantitative studies | 1–3 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 75% |
Qualitative studies | 2 | 2 | 0 | 67% |
6. Description of procedure for data collection (all studies) | 1–3 | 2.4 | 0.7 | 81% |
Quantitative studies | 1–3 | 2.4 | 0.7 | 81% |
Qualitative studies | 2–3 | 2.7 | 0.6 | 89% |
7. Rationale for choice of data collection tool(s) (all studies) | 0–3 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 58% |
Quantitative studies | 0–3 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 59% |
Qualitative studies | 0–2 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 22% |
8. Detailed recruitment data (all studies) | 0–3 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 67% |
Quantitative studies | 0–3 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 68% |
Qualitative studies | 0–3 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 56% |
9. Statistical Assessment of reliability and validity of measurement tool(s) (Quantitative studies only) | 0–3 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 29% |
10. Fit between stated research question and method of data collection (Quantitative studies only) | 2–3 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 93% |
11. Fit between stated research question and format and content of data collection tool e.g. interview schedule (Qualitative studies only) | 2–3 | 2.3 | 0.5 | 75% |
12. Fit between research question and method analysis (all studies) | 2–3 | 2.9 | 0.3 | 97% |
Quantitative studies | 2–3 | 2.9 | 0.2 | 98% |
Qualitative studies | 2–3 | 2.3 | 0.6 | 78% |
13. Good justification for analytical method selected (all studies) | 0–3 | 2.4 | 0.8 | 81% |
Quantitative studies | 0–3 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 83% |
Qualitative studies | 2–3 | 2.7 | 0.6 | 89% |
14. Assessment of reliability of analytical process (Qualitative studies only) | 0–2 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 33% |
15. Evidence of user involvement in design (all studies) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% |
16. Strengths and limitations critically discussed (all studies) | 0–3 | 1.9 | 0.7 | 63% |
Quantitative studies | 0–3 | 1.9 | 0.7 | 63% |
Qualitative studies | 1–2 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 44% |