Table 3 Associations of regional differences in mental health service factors for mental disorder-related disability pensions (DP)

Population density, population/km² (proxy for the accessibility of treatment)

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p = 0.200

Highest

0.89

0.84–0.96

0.87

0.83–0.92

1.06

0.95–1.18

Higher

1.02

0.98–1.06

1.03

0.99–1.07

0.94

0.88–1.01

Lower

1.10

1.06–1.14

1.12

1.08–1.16

1.00

0.94–1.07

Lowest

NA–

NA–

NA–

All mental health outpatient visits of adults per 1000 persons

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p = 0.628

Highest

1.14

1.07–1.21

1.20

1.13–1.28

1.01

0.91–1.12

Higher

0.97

0.94–1.01

0.96

0.93–1.00

0.97

0.91–1.03

Lower

0.84

0.81–0.88

0.79

0.75–0.82

0.99

0.92–1.07

Lowest

1.07

1.02–1.12

1.10

1.05–1.14

1.04

0.96–1.12

Outpatient visits in psychiatric units per 1000 persons

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p = 0.014

Highest

1.05

1.00–1.11

1.13

1.07–1.19

0.96

0.88–1.05

Higher

0.93

0.89–0.97

0.89

0.86–0.92

0.94

0.88–1.00

Lower

0.93

0.89–0.97

0.91

0.88–0.95

0.99

0.93–1.06

Lowest

1.10

1.05–1.15

1.09

1.05–1.14

1.12

1.04–1.21

Mental health visits in primary health care per 1000 persons

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p = 0.471

Highest

1.12

1.05–1.19

1.13

1.06–1.21

1.09

0.97–1.22

Higher

1.00

0.95–1.06

0.98

0.93–1.04

0.99

0.91–1.08

Lower

1.07

1.03–1.11

1.10

1.06–1.14

0.99

0.93–1.05

Lowest

0.84

0.79–0.89

0.81

0.77–0.86

0.94

0.84–1.04

Number of rehabilitative psychotherapy recipients per 1000 persons

p = 0.125

p < 0.001

p = 0.027

Highest

0.99

0.94–1.05

0.99

0.94–1.05

1.15

1.04–1.27

Higher

1.06

1.00–1.13

1.09

1.03–1.16

1.01

0.90–1.12

Lower

0.97

0.92–1.02

0.93

0.88–0.97

1.09

1.00–1.20

Lowest

0.98

0.87–1.10

1.00

0.88–1.13

0.79

0.62–0.99

Involuntary referrals to psychiatric inpatient care per 1000 persons

p = 0.145

p = 0.010

p < 0.001

Highest

0.98

0.94–1.02

0.95

0.90–0.99

1.13

1.05–1.21

Higher

0.96

0.92–1.01

0.98

0.93–1.04

0.87

0.80–0.94

Lower

1.03

0.99–1.07

1.05

1.01–1.09

1.03

0.96–1.09

Lowest

1.03

0.97–1.09

1.02

0.96–1.10

1.00

0.90–1.10

Psychiatric inpatient care, periods of care per 1000 persons

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p = 0.004

Highest

1.13

1.07–1.19

1.16

1.11–1.22

1.06

0.97–1.15

Higher

0.99

0.95–1.04

0.97

0.92–1.02

1.11

1.03–1.19

Lower

1.00

0.96–1.04

1.00

0.96–1.04

1.01

0.95–1.08

Lowest

0.89

0.84–0.95

0.89

0.83–0.95

0.84

0.76–0.93

Psychiatric inpatient care, number of individual patients per 1000 persons

p < 0.001

p = 0.004

p = 0.048

Highest

1.02

0.98–1.07

1.01

0.96–1.06

1.10

1.02–1.18

Higher

1.06

1.01–1.10

1.05

1.01–1.09

1.01

0.94–1.08

Lower

1.05

1.01–1.09

1.09

1.05–1.13

0.96

0.90–1.02

Lowest

0.88

0.84–0.93

0.87

0.83–0.91

0.95

0.87–1.03

Psychiatric inpatient care, number of care days per 1000 persons

p = 0.806

p = 0.082

p = 0.484

Highest

1.04

0.95–1.13

0.96

0.87–1.06

1.03

0.89–1.19

Higher

0.98

0.94–1.03

0.98

0.93–1.03

1.00

0.92–1.08

Lower

0.98

0.94–1.03

1.00

0.96–1.04

1.03

0.96–1.10

Lowest

1.00

0.95–1.05

1.06

1.01–1.12

0.94

0.87–1.03