Table 3 Distribution of indicators of antenatal care according to maternal characteristics of the 2015 Pelotas birth cohort, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Characteristics | Physical exam | Diagnostic approach | Preventive measures | Antenatal care services utilization assessment | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight measurement % | Height measurement % | Blood pressure measurement % | Symphysis-fundal height measurement % | Fetal heart sounds measurement % | Gynaecological exam % | Breast exam % | Cervical cancer screening test % | Fasting blood glucose test % | ABO-Rh % | Haemoglobin test % | Urine test % | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test % | Syphilis test % | Ultrasound scan % | Tetanus toxoid vaccination % | Iron/ folic acid/vitamins supplements % | Start ANC at first trimester % | N° Visit ≥ 6% | |
Age (years) | 0.524* | < 0.001* | – | 0.314* | 0.012* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | 0.499* | 0.143* | 0.294* | 0.330* | 0.355* | 0.981* | 0.001* | 0.190* | 0.962* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* |
≤ 19 | 100.0 | 55.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 93.8 | 84.1 | 49.5 | 51.5 | 91.5 | 91.2 | 90.3 | 88.5 | 89.9 | 90.8 | 89.2 | 78.4 | 92.0 | 40.5 | 74.1 |
20–29 | 99.9 | 41.0 | 100.0 | 99.8 | 94.1 | 89.0 | 51.2 | 68.1 | 91.3 | 89.7 | 92.0 | 90.7 | 91.1 | 91.4 | 90.8 | 75.0 | 91.5 | 56.3 | 86.7 |
30–39 | 99.9 | 28.9 | 100.0 | 99.7 | 92.2 | 91.0 | 59.2 | 73.8 | 91.8 | 89.6 | 91.7 | 90.3 | 91.6 | 91.2 | 93.8 | 78.2 | 91.9 | 61.6 | 90.1 |
≥ 40 | 100.0 | 24.4 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 87.8 | 93.4 | 60.7 | 72.9 | 93.9 | 85.2 | 93.9 | 91.3 | 90.4 | 90.4 | 90.4 | 83.6 | 91.8 | 50.5 | 91.8 |
Maternal education | 0.062* | < 0.001* | – | 0.771* | 0.004* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | 0.003* | 0.793* | 0.017* | 0.005* | 0.002* | 0.065* | < 0.001* | 0.292* | 0.021* | < 0.001 | < 0.001* |
0–4 | 99.5 | 66.5 | 100.0 | 99.7 | 94.4 | 79.7 | 46.0 | 61.1 | 87.5 | 88.7 | 88.1 | 84.9 | 86.9 | 86.9 | 82.2 | 75.6 | 92.1 | 43.2 | 69.9 |
5–8 | 99.9 | 54.7 | 100.0 | 99.7 | 94.0 | 82.9 | 48.0 | 60.1 | 90.7 | 89.6 | 90.9 | 89.5 | 89.5 | 90.8 | 89.3 | 77.1 | 90.1 | 46.7 | 78.3 |
9–11 | 100.0 | 39.9 | 100.0 | 99.8 | 94.4 | 90.2 | 51.2 | 69.4 | 92.3 | 91.0 | 92.7 | 91.6 | 92.5 | 92.8 | 93.1 | 75.7 | 91.2 | 57.6 | 88.0 |
12 + | 99.9 | 15.3 | 100.0 | 99.8 | 90.9 | 95.3 | 63.2 | 74.3 | 92.7 | 88.7 | 92.3 | 90.8 | 91.7 | 91.0 | 94.4 | 78.4 | 93.6 | 64.4 | 95.2 |
Marital status | 0.515 | < 0.001 | – | 0.206 | 0.213 | 0.044 | 0.032 | < 0.001 | 0.007 | 0.159 | 0.032 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.031 | < 0.001 | 0.166 | 0.062 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Without partner | 99.8 | 48.8 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 92.0 | 86.6 | 49.9 | 57.0 | 88.6 | 88.0 | 89.4 | 86.4 | 87.5 | 88.8 | 87.7 | 74.6 | 89.8 | 36.2 | 71.7 |
With partner | 99.9 | 36.6 | 100.0 | 99.7 | 93.4 | 89.4 | 54.7 | 69.6 | 92.1 | 90.0 | 92.1 | 90.9 | 91.6 | 91.6 | 92.2 | 77.2 | 92.1 | 58.7 | 88.6 |
Skin color | 0.629 | < 0.001 | – | 0.959 | 0.151 | 0.005 | 0.052 | 0.001 | 0.772 | 0.751 | 0.572 | 0.697 | 0.529 | 0.799 | < 0.001 | 0.006 | 0.606 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
White | 99.9 | 32.4 | 100.0 | 99.8 | 93.0 | 90.1 | 55.0 | 69.5 | 91.8 | 89.9 | 92.0 | 90.0 | 91.3 | 91.4 | 93.3 | 76.0 | 91.7 | 59.8 | 89.1 |
Black/brown | 99.8 | 53.2 | 100.0 | 99.8 | 94.1 | 88.6 | 52.1 | 63.8 | 91.2 | 89.4 | 91.0 | 90.8 | 90.3 | 91.8 | 87.4 | 79.5 | 92.0 | 45.9 | 79.4 |
Other | 100.0 | 37.9 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 86.2 | 87.1 | 38.7 | 64.5 | 89.7 | 93.1 | 93.1 | 89.7 | 93.1 | 93.1 | 93.1 | 61.3 | 87.1 | 30.8 | 77.4 |
Family income (quintiles) | 0.149* | < 0.001* | – | 0.476* | 0.004* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | 0.188 | 0.047* | 0.385* | 0.269* | 0.084* | 0.486* | < 0.001* | 0.392* | 0.038* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* |
Lowest/first | 99.8 | 56.9 | 100.0 | 99.9 | 95.1 | 83.4 | 49.8 | 62.0 | 89.5 | 90.8 | 89.6 | 88.0 | 88.1 | 89.3 | 86.6 | 76.5 | 90.7 | 47.1 | 74.7 |
Second | 99.9 | 52.7 | 100.0 | 99.6 | 93.6 | 85.3 | 52.4 | 64.8 | 93.0 | 90.6 | 93.5 | 90.7 | 92.2 | 92.5 | 90.6 | 75.9 | 90.3 | 52.0 | 82.5 |
Third | 100.0 | 39.8 | 100.0 | 99.5 | 93.1 | 89.2 | 50.0 | 67.0 | 91.5 | 90.3 | 91.8 | 92.1 | 91.9 | 91.6 | 92.6 | 78.1 | 92.6 | 54.2 | 87.7 |
Fourth | 99.9 | 29.6 | 100.0 | 99.8 | 92.9 | 91.1 | 51.1 | 68.3 | 91.7 | 89.0 | 91.8 | 90.2 | 91.5 | 91.7 | 94.3 | 74.5 | 92.2 | 59.8 | 90.2 |
Highest/fifth | 100.0 | 12.8 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 91.3 | 96.0 | 66.9 | 76.9 | 92.3 | 88.1 | 91.9 | 90.2 | 91.3 | 90.8 | 93.8 | 79.2 | 93.9 | 65.6 | 95.7 |
Parity | 0.998 | < 0.001 | – | 0.524 | 0.380 | 0.014 | 0.037 | 0.008 | 0.026 | 0.220 | 0.109 | 0.213 | 0.026 | 0.010 | 0.006 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Primiparous | 99.9 | 32.2 | 100.0 | 99.8 | 92.9 | 90.2 | 55.7 | 65.9 | 92.6 | 90.3 | 92.4 | 90.8 | 92.1 | 92.4 | 92.8 | 80.9 | 93.1 | 58.7 | 89.1 |
≥ 2 children | 99.9 | 44.5 | 100.0 | 99.7 | 93.6 | 87.9 | 52.4 | 69.8 | 90.6 | 89.2 | 91.0 | 89.7 | 90.0 | 90.1 | 90.4 | 72.8 | 90.4 | 52.7 | 83.3 |
Diseases during pregnancy (high blood pressure and/or diabetes) | 0.806 | 0.005 | – | 0.521 | 0.817 | 0.287 | 0.029 | 0.994 | 0.988 | 0.466 | 0.858 | 0.927 | 0.515 | 0.673 | 0.981 | 0.482 | 0.010 | 0.752 | 0.768 |
Yes | 99.9 | 41.5 | 100.0 | 99.7 | 93.1 | 88.3 | 51.5 | 67.9 | 91.6 | 90.3 | 91.6 | 90.2 | 90.6 | 91.5 | 91.6 | 77.6 | 90.1 | 56.1 | 86.0 |
No | 99.9 | 36.8 | 100.0 | 99.8 | 93.3 | 89.4 | 55.2 | 67.8 | 91.6 | 89.5 | 91.8 | 90.3 | 91.3 | 91.1 | 91.6 | 76.6 | 92.5 | 55.5 | 86.4 |
Smoking during pregnancy | 0.616 | < 0.001 | – | 0.719 | 0.152 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.002 | < 0.001 | 0.323 | 0.007 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.020 | < 0.001 | 0.183 | 0.106 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Yes | 99.9 | 58.0 | 100.0 | 99.7 | 94.6 | 83.1 | 46.8 | 62.8 | 87.5 | 88.6 | 89.0 | 86.5 | 87.5 | 88.8 | 85.3 | 74.9 | 90.2 | 47.4 | 75.9 |
No | 99.9 | 34.7 | 100.0 | 99.8 | 93.0 | 90.2 | 55.4 | 68.8 | 92.3 | 90.0 | 92.2 | 90.9 | 91.7 | 91.7 | 92.8 | 77.3 | 92.1 | 57.2 | 88.2 |
Alcohol use during pregnancy | 0.576 | 0.067 | – | 0.376 | 0.155 | 0.834 | 0.053 | 0.016 | 0.959 | 0.578 | 0.671 | 0.691 | 0.777 | 0.975 | 0.027 | 0.652 | 0.503 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Yes | 100.0 | 43.5 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 95.3 | 89.4 | 48.7 | 61.6 | 91.7 | 88.8 | 92.4 | 90.9 | 90.6 | 91.3 | 88.0 | 75.8 | 90.7 | 40.3 | 77.5 |
No | 99.9 | 38.0 | 100.0 | 99.8 | 93.1 | 89.0 | 54.5 | 68.3 | 91.6 | 89.8 | 91.7 | 90.2 | 91.1 | 91.2 | 91.9 | 77.0 | 91.8 | 56.8 | 87.1 |
Type of health care provider | – | < 0.001 | – | 0.572 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.759 | 0.008 | 0.399 | 0.340 | 0.236 | 0.025 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.994 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Public | 100.0 | 65.5 | 100.0 | 99.9 | 95.5 | 86.2 | 50.7 | 64.6 | 92.7 | 92.1 | 93.4 | 92.1 | 92.9 | 93.2 | 91.5 | 81.1 | 92.2 | 55.3 | 86.6 |
Private | 100.0 | 15.4 | 100.0 | 99.8 | 91.6 | 94.4 | 57.6 | 73.7 | 92.4 | 89.3 | 92.6 | 91.2 | 91.7 | 91.0 | 95.3 | 76.3 | 92.2 | 63.0 | 93.2 |
The same professional performed the ANC | 0.897 | < 0.001 | – | 0.668 | 0.187 | < 0.001 | 0.275 | < 0.001 | 0.451 | 0.024 | 0.195 | 0.910 | 0.689 | 0.252 | 0.252 | < 0.001 | 0.022 | < 0.001 | 0.034 |
Yes | 99.9 | 28.4 | 100.0 | 99.7 | 92.7 | 86.4 | 54.8 | 65.4 | 91.3 | 88.7 | 91.2 | 90.2 | 91.2 | 90.7 | 92.1 | 74.6 | 90.8 | 59.7 | 87.3 |
No | 99.9 | 49.4 | 100.0 | 99.8 | 93.8 | 92.1 | 53.2 | 70.6 | 92.0 | 90.9 | 92.3 | 90.3 | 90.9 | 91.8 | 91.1 | 79.4 | 92.8 | 51.2 | 85.0 |
Total | 99.9 | 38.3 | 100.0 | 99.8 | 93.2 | 89.1 | 54.1 | 67.9 | 91.6 | 89.8 | 91.7 | 90.3 | 91.1 | 91.2 | 91.6 | 76.9 | 91.7 | 55.7 | 86.2 |