The consequences of COVID-19 lockdown for formal and informal resource utilization among home-dwelling people with dementia: results from the prospective PAN.DEM study

Vislapuu, Maarja; Angeles, Renira C.; Berge, Line I.; Kjerstad, Egil; Gedde, Marie H.; Husebo, Bettina S.

doi:10.1186/s12913-021-07041-8

Table 5 OLS regressions of the number of informal days after the lockdown, N = 105

From: The consequences of COVID-19 lockdown for formal and informal resource utilization among home-dwelling people with dementia: results from the prospective PAN.DEM study

Covariates	Model 1				Model 2				Model 3
Covariates	Coef.	95% CI lower	95% CI upper	P	Coef.	95% CI lower	95% CI upper	P	Coef.	95% CI lower	95% CI upper	P
Time
Lockdown^a	0.86	−3.38	5.10	0.690	1.08	−3.05	5.21	0.605	.86	−2.67	4.39	0.632
Living Situation
Co-residing^b	1.55	−4.81	7.91	0.631	0.51	−5.71	6.73	0.871	1.55	−5.62	8.72	0.670
Interaction: time##co-residency^c
Co-residing^b	6.85	0.39	13.31	0.038	6.64	0.36	12.93	0.038	6.85	0.16	13.54	0.045
PwD age	−0.20	−0.49	0.09	0.167	−0.19	− 0.47	0.08	0.168	−0.20	−0.50	0.10	0.195
CG age	0.15	−0.08	0.38	0.200	0.16	−0.06	0.38	0.155	0.15	−0.09	0.39	0.225
PwD gender
Female^d	−2.64	−6.69	1.40	0.199	−2.03	− 5.98	1.93	0.314	−2.64	−6.55	1.26	0.184
Cg gender
Female^d	−1.01	−4.83	2.82	0.605	−1.52	−5.26	2.22	0.422	−1.00	−4.81	2.80	0.603
CG Working
No^d	− 2.52	−7.65	2.60	0.333	−1.24	− 6.29	3.80	0.628	−2.52	− 6.99	1.93	0.265
Health care services
Home nursing service	−0.18	− 0.35	0.01	0.052	−0.14	− 0.31	0.03	0.115	−0.17	−0.29	−0.06	0.003
Clinical variables
MMSE^f	−0.31	− 0.78	0.17	0.203	−0.38	− 0.85	0.08	0.109	−0.30	−0.79	0.17	0.205
PSMS^g	0.79	0.09	1.50	0.026	0.98	0.29	1.66	0.006	0.77	0.15	1.44	0.016
IADL^h	0.15	− 0.37	.67	0.571	−0.02	− 0.53	0.49	0.944	0.15	− 0.36	0.66	0.561
Municipalityⁱ
Bergen	−2.83	−6.93	1.26	0.174	−1.90	−5.93	2.11	0.352	−2.83	− 7.46	1.79	0.229
Baerum	−8.05	− 20.18	4.08	0.192	−6.42	−18.27	5.43	0.286	−8.05	−15.29	− 0.81	0.029
Additional CG^j					−7.45	−11.91	− 2.99	0.001		–
AIC		1489.93				1480.43				1480.433
Prob > F		< 0.001				< 0.001				< 0.001
R-squared		0.293				0.333				0.293

CG caregiver, PwD Person with dementia, CI Confidence Interval, applying Ordinary Least Square (OLS) analysis. Model (1) includes the main effect of the lockdown on the informal resource use in days on personal hygiene (ADL) in the last month. Model (2) an extended model, by including multiple caregivers. Model (3) robustness test for core coefficients. *p < .05; **p < .01
^aNational lockdown in Norway came into force 12th of March 2020, reference: pre-lockdown period
^bReference: visiting caregiver
^cInteraction term as “visiting##pre-pandemic” and “co-resident##pandemic”
^dReference: male
^eReference: caregivers who were working when lockdown came into force
^fMMSE – Mini-Mental Status Examination, at the trial inclusion (range 0–30)
^gPSMS - Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (range 6–30)
^hInstrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (range 8–31)
ⁱReference: Kristiansand municipality
^jReference: no additional caregivers

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ISSN: 1472-6963

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