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Table 5 MLRM for the impact of associated factors on OOPE

From: How costly is the first prenatal clinic visit? Analysis of out-of-pocket expenditure in rural Sri Lanka - a country with free maternal health care

Model

Coefficient (B)

t-statistics

P-value

95.0% Confidence Interval for B

Variance Inflation Factor (VIF)

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

Constant*

27.76

11.698

0.000

23.10

32.41

–

Monthly household income

−8.605E-6

−0.723

0.470

0.00

0.00

2.05

Income quintile (compared to income quintile 1 [< USD 170.08])

Income quintile 2

(USD 170.09–215.44)

0.77

0.693

0.488

−1.41

2.95

1.36

Income quintile 3*

(USD 215.45–255.13)

2.51

2.480

0.013

0.52

4.49

1.51

Income quintile 4

(USD 255.14–368.52)

1.52

1.427

0.154

−0.57

3.61

1.67

Income quintile 5

(> USD 368.53)

1.52

1.004

0.315

−1.45

4.48

3.13

Age of the Mother

0.09

1.510

0.131

−0.03

0.21

1.05

Employment status

(compared with the Housewives – do not engage in any income generating activities)

Employed

−1.95

−1.424

0.155

−4.63

0.74

2.81

Sector of the employment (compared to the government sector)

Semi-government

−0.45

−0.248

0.804

−3.10

3.10

2.27

Private

1.91

1.006

0.315

−1.81

5.63

1.77

Educational level (compared with the ‘up to advanced level examination’)

Less than primary* education (<grade 5)

10.89

2.606

0.009

2.69

19.09

1.02

Up to primary education

−2.78

−0.334

0.738

−19.07

13.52

1.01

From grade 5 to 11

0.97

0.749

0.454

−1.57

3.50

1.17

Up to ordinary level examination

−0.01

−0.015

0.988

−1.47

1.45

1.26

Number of Pregnancies

−0.33

−1.128

0.260

−0.91

0.25

1.02

Number of weeks in pregnancy

−0.09

−0.884

0.377

−0.30

0.12

1.01

Used transport method to reach the health facility (compared with using an own/family vehicle)

Public transport

0.226

0.315

0.752

−1.18

1.63

1.01

Type of the health service used (compared with private health facilities)

Government health facilities*

−27.090

−33.031

0.000

−28.70

− 25.48

1.02

  1. *significant at 0.05 of the p-value
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BMC Health Services Research

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