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Table 3 Clinical outcomes and adherence parameters at baseline and 6-month post-baseline

From: Pharmacist-led intervention in treatment non-adherence and associated direct costs of management among ambulatory patients with type 2 diabetes in southwestern Nigeria

ITEMS

 

UCH (n = 126)

p- value

FMC (n = 75)

p-value

Total (201)

p-value

Group

Baseline

n (%)

6-month post baseline

n (%)

 

Baseline

n (%)

6-month post-baseline n(%)

 

Baseline

n (%)

6-month post baseline

n (%)

 

MAQ

Control < 100%

22 (31.4)

13 (18.6)

0.04+

8 (32.0)

7(28.0)

0.18+

30 (31.6)

20 (21.1)

0.041+

Control = 100%

48 (68.6)

57 (81.4)

 

17 (68.0)

18(72.0)

 

65 (68.4)

75 (78.9)

 

Intervention < 100%

36 (64.3)

15 (32.1)

0.00+

25 (50.0)

11 (32.0)

0.035+

61 (57.5)

26 (24.5)

0.000+

Intervention = 100%

20 (35.7)

41(73.2)

 

25 (50.0)

39 (78.0)

 

45 (42.5)

80 (75.5)

 

IPAQ (MPW)

Control <600MPW

27 (38.6)

23 (32.9)

0.00+

9 (36.0)

6 (24.0)

0.453+

36 (37.9)

29 (30.5)

0.98+

Control ≥600MPW

43 (61.1)

47 (67.1)

 

16 (64.0)

19 (76.0)

 

59 (62.1)

66 (69.5)

 

Intervention <600MPW

17 (30.4)

11 (19.6)

0.07+

25 (50.0)

19 (38.0)

0.18+

42 (39.6)

30 (28.3)

0.00+

Intervention ≥600MPW

39 (69.6)

45 (80.4)

 

25 (50.0)

31 (62.0)

 

64 (60.4)

76 (71.7)

 

IPAQ (MET) Mean ± SD

Control

945.2 ± 842.9

977.1 ± 853.4

0.002*

777.1 ± 312.1

729.2 ± 291.4

0.161*

901.4 ± 743.5

911.7 ± 752.6

0.327*

Intervention

1058.4 ± 935.6

1102.5 ± 908.6

0.001*

552.1 ± 224.7

608 ± 244.0

0.005*

775.2 ± 700.5

829.3 ± 695.5

0.000*

PDAQ Diet scale

Control < 51

8 (11.4)

7 (10.0)

1.00+

3 (12.0)

3 (12.0)

1.00+

11 (11.6)

8 (8.4)

0.45.3+

Control ≥51

62 (88.6)

63 (90.0)

 

22 (88.0)

22 (88.0)

 

84 (88.4)

87 (91.6)

 

Intervention < 51

26 (46.4)

7 (12.5)

0.000+

13 (26.0)

2 (4.0)

0.001+

39 (36.8)

11 (10.4)

0.000+

Intervention ≥51

30 (53.6)

49 (87.5)

 

37 (74.0)

48 (96.0)

 

67 (63.2)

95 (89.6)

 

PDAQ Mean ± SD

Control

56.4 ± 4.0

56.6 ± 3.8

0.094*

55.9 ± 4.1

56.3 ± 4.2

0.44*

56.3 ± 4.0

56.5 ± 3.9

0.094*

Intervention

50.3 ± 10.1

56.3 ± 4.4

0.000*

53.4 ± 6.7

56.5 ± 4.1

0.00*

51.8 ± 8.8

56.4 ± 4.3

0.000*

HbA1c (%)

Control < 7%

70 (55.6)

102 (81.0)

1.00+

25 (33.3)

32 (42.7)

0.016+

95 (47.3)

134 (66.7)

0.008+

Intervention ≥7%

56 (44.4)

24 (19.0)

0.000+

50 (66.7)

43 (57.3)

0.000+

106 (52.7)

67 (33.3)

0.000+

HbA1c Mean ± SD (%)

Control

6.1 ± 0.6

6.0 ± 0.7

0.005*

6.4 ± 0.5

6.7 ± 1.0

0.15*

6.1 ± 0.6

6.1 ± 0.8

0.094*

Intervention

8.4 ± 1.3

7.0 ± 1.3

0.00*

9.0 ± 1.7

8.8 ± 2.3

0.492*

8.7 ± 1.5

7.8 ± 2.0

0.000*

SBP (mmHg) Mean ± SD

Control

127.3 ± 16.9

122.7 ± 13.6

0.002*

134.2 ± 20.9

132.4 ± 19.2

0.574*

129.3 ± 18.2

125.3 ± 15.9

0.004*

Intervention

134.3 ± 20.0

125.7 ± 19.3

0.000*

140.4 ± 21.1

137.1 ± 19.3

0.33*

136.9 ± 20.7

131.0 ± 19.9

0.002*

DBP (mmHg) Mean ± SD

Control

76.9 ± 8.6

74.3 ± 7.2

0.007*

77.3 ± 9.5

77.9 ± 9.5

0.814*

77.1 ± 8.93

75.3 ± 8.0

0.068*

Intervention

80.35 ± 10.9

76.2 ± 7.2

0.009*

80.2 ± 9.9

80.1 ± 4.4

0.973*

80.2 ± 10.4

78.3 ± 9.6

0.074*

  1. Pearson Chi-square of adherence status among patients showed more males with glycaemic control (HbA1c < 7%) compared to females (χ2 = 11.381, p = 0.001) after intervention
  2. MAQ = Medication Adherence Questions; IPAQ- International Physical Activity Questionnaire; PDAQ = Perceived Dietary Adherence Questionnaire; MPW- Minimum Physical Activity Per Week measured in unit of MET; MET = Metabolic Equivalent Task; SBP = Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP = Diastolic Blood Pressure; HbA1c = Glycated haemoglobin; *Paired t-test, p < 0.05 significant; +McNemar test, p < 0.05 significant
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BMC Health Services Research

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