Table 3 Out-of-pocket (OOP) spending and occurrence of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) among study groups

 ∈Near-poor

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 ∈Medical Aid

-1.09***

0.13

0.21***

0.06

0.20***

0.06

0.10***

0.02

0.07***

0.02

 ∈Above-poverty

0.27***

0.07

0.52**

0.15

0.39**

0.19

0.36**

0.16

0.31***

0.10

Female

-0.06

0.07

0.89

0.14

1.01

0.20

0.87

0.20

0.87

0.27

Age

-0.01***

0.00

1.00

0.00

1.01

0.01

1.00

0.01

1.00

0.01

Married

0.36***

0.08

1.16

0.18

1.61**

0.34

1.00

0.23

0.85

0.26

 ∈no diploma

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 ∈below high school diploma

0.02

0.08

1.10

0.15

1.20

0.17

1.26

0.18

1.10

0.18

 ∈high school diploma

-0.09

0.11

0.66**

0.14

0.85

0.21

1.07

0.29

0.90

0.31

 ∈above high school diploma

-0.29**

0.12

0.52***

0.14

0.51**

0.18

0.87

0.27

0.71

0.25

 ∈ permanent employee

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 ∈temporary employee

-0.26

0.18

0.54

0.24

0.27**

0.15

0.27**

0.17

0.17***

0.11

 ∈ employer, self-employed, unpaid family worker

-0.18

0.19

0.48*

0.22

0.33*

0.20

0.66

0.43

0.38

0.26

 ∈ unemployed, economically inactive

-0.04

0.17

0.71

0.31

0.50

0.29

0.88

0.53

0.48

0.29

Monthly income (increase of one million won)

0.03*

0.02

0.74*

0.14

0.71

0.25

0.79

0.26

0.81

0.17

Self-reporting poor health

0.43***

0.08

2.17***

0.33

1.88***

0.28

2.39***

0.32

2.56***

0.45

Chronic disease

0.21**

0.09

1.46**

0.28

1.16

0.27

1.82***

0.41

1.75**

0.51

Disabled

-0.06

0.10

0.88

0.16

0.94

0.18

0.84

0.18

0.94

0.19

Private insurance subscription

0.18***

0.07

1.04

0.14

1.17

0.18

1.11

0.14

1.05

0.16

Depression

0.25**

0.12

1.46

0.35

1.72**

0.45

1.48***

0.22

1.65***

0.29