Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients undergoing AF ablation stratified by hospital sector
Variables | Overall cohort (N = 21,654) | Matched cohort (N = 8,868) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Public hospitals (N = 4,662)n (%) | Private hospitals (N = 16,992)n (%) | P value | Public hospitals (N = 4,434)n (%) | Private hospitals (N = 4,434)n (%) | Standardized biasa (%) | |
Patients’ demographics | ||||||
Age (mean ± SD) | 59.9 ± 12.4 | 63.5 ± 10.8 | < 0.001 | 60.5 ± 11.9 | 60.3 ± 12.1 | 1.5 |
Age group, n (%) | ||||||
18–34 | 182 (3.9) | 206 (1.2) | < 0.001 | 118 (2.7) | 131 (3.0) | 0.6 |
35–49 | 723 (15.5) | 1,482 (8.7) | 676 (15.3) | 660 (14.9) | ||
50–64 | 2,002 (42.9) | 6,915 (40.7) | 1,927 (43.5) | 1,907 (43.0) | ||
65–79 | 1,574 (33.8) | 7,472 (44.0) | 1,538 (34.7) | 1,552 (35.0) | ||
≥ 80 | 180 (3.9) | 917 (5.4) | 175 (4.0) | 184 (4.2) | ||
Female, n (%) | 1,416 (21.6) | 3,246 (21.5) | 0.914 | 1,337 (30.2) | 1,350 (30.5) | 0.6 |
Median length of stay (IQR) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | > 0.05 | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 3.5 |
Cardiovascular history | ||||||
Hypertension | 527 (11.3) | 1,852 (10.9) | 0.434 | 480 (10.8) | 489 (11.0) | 0.6 |
Heart failure | 484 (10.4) | 1,335 (7.9) | < 0.001 | 411 (9.3) | 430 (9.7) | 1.5 |
Valvular and rheumatic heart disease | 122 (2.6) | 659 (3.9) | < 0.001 | 110 (2.5) | 107 (2.4) | 0.4 |
Coronary artery disease | 406 (8.7) | 1,768 (10.4) | 0.001 | 372 (8.4) | 380 (8.6) | 0.6 |
Vascular disease | 84 (1.8) | 261 (1.5) | 0.199 | 65 (1.5) | 65 (1.5) | 0.0 |
Prior AF hospitalizations | 2,838 (60.9) | 10,782 (63.5) | 0.001 | 2,664 (60.1) | 2,623 (59.2) | 1.9 |
Prior AF ablation | 455 (9.8) | 2,284 (13.4) | < 0.001 | 437 (9.9) | 422 (9.5) | 1.1 |
Prior stroke/TIA | 56 (1.2) | 226 (1.3) | 0.492 | 56 (1.3) | 51 (1.2) | 1.0 |
Non-cardiovascular comorbidities | ||||||
Diabetes mellitus | 655 (14.1) | 1,738 (10.2) | < 0.001 | 604 (13.6) | 586 (13.2) | 1.2 |
Chronic lung diseases | 108 (2.3) | 244 (1.4) | < 0.001 | 78 (1.8) | 79 (1.8) | 0.2 |
Chronic kidney disease | 240 (5.2) | 412 (2.4) | < 0.001 | 182 (4.1) | 187 (4.2) | 0.6 |
History of pneumonia | 126 (2.7) | 299 (1.8) | < 0.001 | 102 (2.3) | 104 (2.4) | 0.3 |
Major cancer | 40 (0.9) | 105 (0.6) | 0.075 | 32 (0.7) | 36 (0.8) | 1.1 |
End-stage liver disease | 6 (0.1) | 19 (0.1) | 0.764 | 5 (0.1) | 4 (0.1) | 0.7 |
Haematological disorders | 340 (5.9) | 760 (3.6) | < 0.001 | 227 (5.1) | 233 (5.3) | 0.6 |
Dementia or senility | 11 (0.2) | 21 (0.1) | 0.077 | 8 (0.2) | 9 (0.2) | 0.5 |
Drug or alcohol abuse, psychosis or dependence | 154 (3.3) | 161 (1.0) | < 0.001 | 97 (2.2) | 95 (2.1) | 10.3 |
Psychiatric disorders | 83 (1.8) | 202 (1.2) | 0.002 | 57 (1.3) | 49 (1.1) | 1.5 |
Neurological disorders and paralysis | 54 (1.2) | 182 (1.1) | 0.611 | 50 (1.1) | 50 (1.1) | 0.0 |
History of head injury | 30 (0.6) | 85 (0.5) | 0.233 | 28 (0.6) | 29 (0.7) | 0.3 |
History of bone fracture | 18 (0.4) | 72 (0.4) | 0.724 | 17 (0.4) | 22 (0.5) | 1.8 |
Skin ulcers | 18 (0.4) | 29 (0.2) | 0.005 | 11 (0.3) | 12 (0.3) | 0.4 |
Urinary tract disorders and incontinence | 217 (4.7) | 698 (4.1) | 0.100 | 193 (4.4) | 201 (4.5) | 0.9 |