Table 5 Factors associated with the components in the five practice principles of pharmaceutical care (N = 409)^a

Interview patient or caretaker

DMTAC

Yes

18 (75.0)

As reference

0.044*

3.781

0.706

No

334 (86.8)

3.192 (1.033, 9.863)

Can access information from patient's other health care providers

Ethnic

Malay

17 (20.2)

As reference

0.026*

4.405

0.732

Chinese

102 (33.0)

1.958 (1.085, 3.531)

Seek to identify, minimise and prevent medical related problems

Ethnic

Malay

54 (64.3)

As reference

0.002**

1.735

0.884

Chinese

250 (80.9)

2.370 (1.371, 4.096)

Recommend changes of medicine when necessary

Ethnic

Malay

10 (11.9)

As reference

-

4.568

0.803

Chinese

83 (26.9)

2.721 (1.292, 5.732)

0.008**

Indian

5 (31.3)

4.253 (1.176, 15.389)

0.027*

Employment

Self-employed

58 (32.2)

2.138 (1.312, 3.483)

0.002**

Full-time employee

40 (17.5)

As reference

Advise patient on medicines budget

Ethnic

Malay

44 (52.4)

As reference

0.004**

5.999

0.306

Chinese

217 (70.2)

2.109 (1.274, 3.491)

Monitor patient's condition with regular follow up

Age

Below 40

112 (49.6)

1.670 (1.097, 2.542)

0.017*

3.759

0.807

40 and above

67 (36.6)

As reference

Ethnic

Malay

27 (32.1)

As reference

0.032*

Chinese

145 (46.9)

1.774 (1.050, 2.995)

Contact patient's other health care providers

Employment

Self-employed

25 (13.9)

2.305 (1.152, 4.613)

0.018*

2.234

0.897

Full-time employee

15 (6.6)

As reference