Table 1 List of variables for empirical analysis
Variable | Characteristics |
|---|---|
Dependent variable | |
 Health service underutilization | No (Reference); Yes |
Independent variable | |
 Predisposing factors | |
  Age | Years (Continuous) |
  Gender | Female (Reference); Male |
  Ethnicity | Han ethnic (Reference); Minorities |
  Marital status | Other (Unmarried/divorced/widowed, reference); Married |
  Education level | Primary school or below (Reference); Junior high school; Senior high school or above |
 Enabling factors | |
  Income | Low (Reference); Middle; High |
  Medical insurance | Uninsured (Reference); URRBMI (including URBMI or NRCMS); UEBMI Others (e.g., commercial insurance) |
  Regular follow-up (source of care) | No (Reference); Yes |
  Distance to the nearest health facility | Less than one kilometer (Reference); 1-5 km; More than 5 km |
 Need factors | |
  Self-reported health score | Points (Continuous) |