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Table 8 CERQual Summary of Qualitative Findings

From: Barriers and facilitators experienced by osteopaths in implementing a biopsychosocial (BPS) framework of care when managing people with musculoskeletal pain – a mixed methods systematic review

Summary of review finding

Studies contributing to the review finding

CERQual assessment of confidence in the evidence

Explanation of CERQual assessment

Barriers for utilizing the BPS model in clinical practice: osteopaths working in Europe identified key barriers in utilizing the BPS model that included lack of education and/or diagnostic tools. Some osteopaths perceived the BPS model as a threat to their professional identity.

(Abrosimoff & Rajendran, 2020; Delion & Draper-Rodi, 2018; Formica et al., 2018)

Low confidence

Three studies with minor methodological limitations, no concerns about coherence, limited, thin data from 2 countries, moderate concerns about adequacy and relevance.

Enablers for utilizing the BPS model in clinical practice: European osteopaths identified various factors that may enable/facilitate the use of BPS model in clinical practice including acknowledging PS factors, management strategies and CPD courses

(Abrosimoff & Rajendran, 2020; Delion & Draper-Rodi, 2018)

Low confidence

Two studies with minor methodological limitations, minor concern about coherence, limited, thin data from 2 countries, moderate concerns about adequacy and relevance.