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Table 3 Longitudinal modelling on stress symptom scores (n = 187)

From: Holding the frontline: a cross-sectional survey of emergency department staff well-being and psychological distress in the course of the COVID-19 outbreak

 

Mean (SD)

Beta coefficient

SE

95% CI

p

Cognitive stress symptoms

    

< 0.001

 Pre COVID-19 outbreak

2.2 (1.8)

Reference

   

 Peak of first COVID-19 wave

3.9 (2.5)

1.7

0.15

1.4 to 2.0

< 0.001

 Post first COVID-19 wave

2.6 (2.4)

0.4

0.13

0.1 to 0.6

0.005

Emotional stress symptoms

    

< 0.001

 Pre COVID-19 outbreak

1.9 (1.8)

Reference

   

 Peak of first COVID-19 wave

4.0 (2.6)

2.1

0.2

1.7 to 2.4

< 0.001

 Post first COVID-19 wave

2.3 (2.3)

0.4

0.1

0.1 to 0.7

0.003

Physical stress symptoms

    

< 0.001

 Pre COVID-19 outbreak

1.6 (1.8)

Reference

   

 Peak of first COVID-19 wave

3.1 (2.7)

1.5

0.2

1.2 to 1.8

< 0.001

 Post first COVID-19 wave

2.1 (2.3)

0.4

0.1

0.2 to 0.7

< 0.001

  1. SD Standard Deviation, SE Standard Error, CI Confidence Interval