Table 2 Framework, interoperability level, and thematic considerations for the review papers
From: Interoperability frameworks linking mHealth applications to electronic record systems
Adamko et al., [19] | Rubio et al., [20] | El-Sappagh et al., [21] | Memon et al., [22] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Framework | XML-based TIFM | X73PHD-IHE Framework | Mobile health CDSS Framework | AAL Frameworks |
Interoperability Levels | Syntactic, Semantic | Syntactic, Semantic | Syntactic, Semantic | Syntactic, Semantic |
Infrastructure Considerations | Cloud services, private, public, hybrid and community, using SaaS, PaaS and IaaS | Cable and wireless setup of PHD “agents” (independent living devices) and aggregator devices called “managers” (smartphones, personal computers, personal health appliances, smart TVs etc.). | Comprehensive cloud based infrastructure supporting patient module, cloud-based CDSS module, backend EHR systems module, and mobile health services module | Interconnected medical sensors, WSANs, computer hardware, wired computer networks, software applications and databases. |
Interoperability Standards Considerations | HL7 | ISO/IEEE 11073 X73PHD | HL7 FHIR FASTO Ontology | HL7 ISO/IEEE 11073 ZigBee Bluetooth RFID IEEE 802.15.4 |
Data Security Considerations | HIPPA HITECH | Physical tokens for user authentication Additional password for user identification in the agent device Device certificate, signed by manufacturer Authentication by manager device Fingerprints in measurements Symemtric and Asymmetric encryption algorithms Frames encryption Secure transport layer Agent–manager authentication Role-based access control: Single-use encryption keys | N/A | RBAC and service based authorization Security and privacy policies for integrating homecare Apps with hospital systems using a TG Data encryption algorithms including DES and AES Semantic based access control for distributed identifiers, cross domain identity federation, multi-device credential management and context-aware access control. |
Usability Considerations | Quick access to cloud resources pooled across multiple customers Metered services, allowing users easy tracking of platform usage and actual cost. | mHealth device self administration and sharing across users Automated real-time features Offline functionalities | Real-time feedback Decision support capabilities | Automatic connectivity feature Automatic seamless system updates Limited user interface screens Less error promts Auto-configurations for ready-to-use applications and devices User interface based on adaptive interactions |
Abbreviations / acronyms: AES Advanced Encryption Standard, DES Data Encryption Standard, HIPAA Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, HITECH Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health, IaaS Infrastructure as a Service, ISO/IEEE 11073 International Standards Organisation/Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 11073, RBAC Role Based Access Control, RFID Radio-frequency Identification, SaaS Software as a Service, TG Translation Gateway, WSAN Wireless Sensor and Actuator Network, ZigBee Zonal Intercommunication Global standard | ||||