Table 1 Purpose and description of review papers

El-Sappagh et al. (2019), [21]. South Korea

A review of a cloud based comprehensive mHealth framework to support remote monitoring and management of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Designed a distributed, semantically intelligent, cloud-based, and interoperable mHealth CDSS framework customizable to patient’s history and current vital signs. The proposed CDSS is based on the HL7 FASTO, a comprehensive OWL2 ontology, BFO, and clinical practice guidelines.

A comprehensive cloud-based architecture allowing interoperability across different service providers and different sources of medical data. The solution architecture provides four loosely coupled modules (patient module, services module, cloud-based CDSS module, and the backend EHR systems module), but integrated based on ontology and the HL7 FHIR standard. Each module provides a particular set of functionalities. Therefore, changes in one module do not alter the architecture.

Adamko A, et al. (2016), [19]. Hungary

A review of a hierarchical XML-based TIFM aligned with international data exchange standards such as SNOMED and HL7.

Proposed a general accreditation scheme in accordance with SNOMED-CT and HL7 for personal Telemedicine Appliances coupled with an internationally standardised character code-table enabling international Telemedicine systems interoperability and a health data quality assurance measure.

A cloud based telemedicine architecture offering PaaS supporting IoT in a legal environment to the covered entities. The PaaS offers a full hardware architecture and software frameworks, allowing for quick access to needed resources.

Rubio ÓJ, et al. (2016), [20]. Spain

Review of the X73PHD-IHE based framework supporting a comprehensive IHE-based extension consisting of appropriate IHE profiles tailored to the needs of each eHealth and mHealth applications.

Assessed the risks of the X73PHD architecture, and proposed a cost-effective structure to provide support to the X73PHD domains to cope with the security and integration needs of different ehealth and mhealth applications. Further adopted appropriate IHE profiles to implement each layer, its translation into detailed modifications of the X73PHD models or framework and optimal algorithms to implement the cryptographic functions that would enhance the security of X73PHD.

A conceptual extended IHE-based X73PHD compliant healthcare architecture consisting of additive layers adapted to different eHealth and mHealth applications. The proposed features for each layer and the procedures to support them were carefully selected to minimize the impact on X73PHD standards on its architecture (in terms of delays and overheads).

Memon M et al. (2014) [22]. Denmark

Review to provide (1) an overview of the AAL concepts, (2) a survey of the current state-of-the-art in AAL frameworks, architectures, technologies and standards, and (3) an overview of current usage and real world deployment of specific AAL systems and platforms.

Conducted a literature survey of state-of-the-art AAL frameworks, systems and platforms to identify the essential aspects of AAL systems and investigate the critical issues from the design, technology, quality-of-service, and user experience perspectives. Also conducted an email-based survey for collecting usage data and current status of contemporary AAL systems.

i) SOA

ii) A conceptual architecture consisting of four architectural layers, i.e. base, data, information, and context layers used for evaluation of the quality attributes of sensors, ambient data, and communication interfaces.

iii) S3OiA offering a parallel view of architecture for connecting IoT devices for smart home applications and AAL systems using triple-space computing and RESTful web services.

iv) The open service architecture which detects patients location using GIS services.

v) ISO/EN 13,606 based standard architecture to transfer information among distributed medical systems.

vi) Advanced cloud technology-based architecture which uses a DACAR platform, to enable controlled access to the clinical services for health monitoring.

Abbreviations / acronyms: AAL Ambient Assisted Living, BFO Basic Formal Ontology, DACAR Data Capture and Auto Identification Reference, FASTO Fast healthcare interoperability resources Semantic sensor network based Type-1 diabetes Ontology, FHIR Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources,GIS Global Information System, HL7 Health Level 7, IHE Intergrating the Healthcare Enterprise, IoT Internet of Things, ISO/EN 13606 International Standards Organisation/Electronic Health Record Communication 13606, OWL2 Web Ontology Language 2, PaaS Platform as a Service, RESTful Representational state transfer, SNOMED-CT Systematised Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms, SOA Service Oriented Architecture, S3OiA Three-layered Service Oriented Architecture, TIFM Telemedicine Interoperability Framework Model, X73PHD-IHE X73 Personal Health Device - Integrating the Healthcare Exchange, XML Extensible Markup Language