Effect of multimorbidity on utilisation and out-of-pocket expenditure in Indonesia: quantile regression analysis

Table 3 The incremental outpatient care, inpatient care, and average four-weekly OOPE for an additional NCD reported, by population quintile

Variables	Overall		Quantile regression
	Overall		10th percentile		25th percentile		50th percentile		75th percentile		90th percentile
	Coef^a	95% CI	Coef	95% CI	Coef	95% CI	Coef	95% CI	Coef	95% CI	Coef	95% CI
Frequency of outpatient care
Number of NCDs	0.11^***	(0.07–0.14)	0.02^***	(0.01–0.03)	0.05^***	(0.03–0.06)	0.09^***	(0.07–0.12)	0.16^***	(0.12–0.19)	0.13^***	(0.08–0.17)
Frequency of inpatient care
Number of NCDs	0.09^**	(0.02–0.16)	0.01^*	(0.00–0.02)	0.02^**	(0.01–0.04)	0.04^***	(0.02–0.07)	0.10^***	(0.06–0.15)	0.17^**	(0.05–0.30)
Average four-weekly out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE)
Number of NCDs	27.0^**	(11.4–42.7)	0.3	(−0.1–0.7)	1.0^***	(0.5–1.5)	3.1^***	(2.0–4.2)	9.5^***	(5.6–13.2)	31.0^***	(15.9–46.2)

CI confidence interval, NCDs non-communicable diseases, OOPE out-of-pocket expenditure
*p-value < 0.05 **p-value < 0.01 ***p-value < 0.001
Bootstrapping with 500 times replications was performed to estimate the standard error
^aEstimated using Poisson regression models (outpatient and inpatient care) and ordinary least square (OOPE)

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