| 2008 | 2009–2012 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stockholm | Control | Stockholm | Control | |||||||||||
n = 1143 | n = 4785 | n = 5420 | n = 25,279 | |||||||||||
Before EB | After EB | Before EB | After EB | Â | Before EB | After EB | ||||||||
Covariates | Mean | Variance | Mean | Variance | Mean | Variance | Mean | Variance | Mean | Variance | Mean | Variance | Mean | Variance |
Age | 68.02 | 93.66 | 67.46 | 93.07 | 68.15 | 90.94 | 67.46 | 93.07 | 67.46 | 93.07 | 68.32 | 89.34 | 67.46 | 93.07 |
Gender | ||||||||||||||
 Female | 0.66 | 0.23 | 0.62 | 0.23 | 0.57 | 0.25 | 0.62 | 0.23 | 0.62 | 0.23 | 0.57 | 0.24 | 0.62 | 0.23 |
 Male | 0.34 | 0.23 | 0.38 | 0.23 | 0.43 | 0.25 | 0.38 | 0.23 | 0.38 | 0.23 | 0.43 | 0.24 | 0.38 | 0.23 |
ASA-grade | ||||||||||||||
 1 | 0.31 | 0.21 | 0.29 | 0.21 | 0.30 | 0.21 | 0.29 | 0.21 | 0.29 | 0.21 | 0.29 | 0.21 | 0.29 | 0.21 |
 2 | 0.69 | 0.21 | 0.71 | 0.21 | 0.70 | 0.21 | 0.71 | 0.21 | 0.71 | 0.21 | 0.71 | 0.21 | 0.71 | 0.21 |
BMI | 26.32 | 15.18 | 26.30 | 14.93 | 27.12 | 17.75 | 26.30 | 14.93 | 26.30 | 14.93 | 27.26 | 17.47 | 26.30 | 14.93 |
Charnley Classification | ||||||||||||||
 A | 0.48 | 0.25 | 0.50 | 0.25 | 0.47 | 0.25 | 0.50 | 0.25 | 0.50 | 0.25 | 0.49 | 0.25 | 0.50 | 0.25 |
 B | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.11 |
 C | 0.41 | 0.24 | 0.37 | 0.23 | 0.41 | 0.24 | 0.37 | 0.23 | 0.37 | 0.23 | 0.38 | 0.24 | 0.37 | 0.23 |
Elixhauser Index | ||||||||||||||
 0 | 0.76 | 0.18 | 0.80 | 0.16 | 0.61 | 0.24 | 0.80 | 0.16 | 0.80 | 0.16 | 0.58 | 0.24 | 0.80 | 0.16 |
 1 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 0.19 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.27 | 0.20 | 0.14 | 0.12 |
 2 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
 3 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
Surgical approach | ||||||||||||||
 Posterior | 0.27 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.16 | 0.58 | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.16 | 0.20 | 0.16 | 0.60 | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.16 |
 Direct lateral | 0.70 | 0.21 | 0.78 | 0.17 | 0.41 | 0.24 | 0.78 | 0.17 | 0.78 | 0.17 | 0.39 | 0.24 | 0.78 | 0.17 |
 Other | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
Educational level | ||||||||||||||
 Low | 0.27 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.40 | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.36 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.17 |
 Middle | 0.39 | 0.24 | 0.41 | 0.24 | 0.40 | 0.24 | 0.41 | 0.24 | 0.41 | 0.24 | 0.41 | 0.24 | 0.41 | 0.24 |
 High | 0.34 | 0.22 | 0.38 | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.16 | 0.38 | 0.23 | 0.38 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.18 | 0.38 | 0.23 |
Civil status | ||||||||||||||
 Unmarried | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.11 |
 Married | 0.53 | 0.25 | 0.53 | 0.25 | 0.60 | 0.24 | 0.53 | 0.25 | 0.53 | 0.25 | 0.59 | 0.24 | 0.53 | 0.25 |
 Divorced | 0.20 | 0.16 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.22 | 0.17 |
 Widow/widower | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.11 |
PROMs baseline | ||||||||||||||
 EQ-5D_index | 0.44 | 0.10 | 0.45 | 0.10 | 0.43 | 0.10 | 0.45 | 0.10 | 0.45 | 0.10 | 0.44 | 0.09 | 0.45 | 0.10 |
 Health_VAS | 55.38 | 521.88 | 56.14 | 472.63 | 53.94 | 488.98 | 56.14 | 472.63 | 56.14 | 472.63 | 55.19 | 486.69 | 56.14 | 472.63 |
 Pain_VAS | 61.85 | 248.27 | 63.23 | 267.01 | 61.41 | 249.97 | 63.23 | 267.01 | 63.23 | 267.01 | 61.59 | 244.06 | 63.23 | 267.01 |
 | 2008 | 2009–2012 | ||||||||||||
Stockholm | Â | Â | Control | Â | Â | Â | Stockholm | Control | Â | Â | Â | |||
Outcomes | Mean | Variance | Â | Â | Mean | Variance | Â | Â | Mean | Variance | Mean | Variance | Â | Â |
Gain EQ-5D_index | 0.35 | 0.12 | Â | Â | 0.37 | 0.12 | Â | Â | 0.35 | 0.11 | 0.36 | 0.11 | Â | Â |
Gain Health_VAS | 21.90 | 766.63 | Â | Â | 23.36 | 718.07 | Â | Â | 21.82 | 671.09 | 22.44 | 684.77 | Â | Â |
Reduction Pain_VAS | −48.86 | 504.02 |  |  | −47.70 | 502.12 |  |  | −49.94 | 510.58 | −48.51 | 481.08 |  |  |
Satisfaction_VAS | 16.13 | 427.42 | Â | Â | 15.79 | 402.69 | Â | Â | 15.95 | 438.46 | 15.17 | 391.67 | Â | Â |