Table 3 Multilevel logistic regression model

Random effect

Variance (SD)

Hospital (intercept)

2.28 (1.51)

Fixed effects

OR (95% CI)

(intercept)

0.02 (0.01–0.03)^a

 Guidelines regarding restraint (yes)

0.60 (0.49–0.74)^a

80% IOR: (0.04–9.30)

 Refresher course regarding restraints (yes)

0.75 (0.64–0.89)^a

80% IOR: (0.05–11.64)

 Age in years (1^st degree)

1.21 (1.14–1.29)^a

 Age in years squared (2^nd degree)

1.11 (1.06–1.15)^a

 Female gender

0.74 (0.67–0.81)^a

 Care Dependency Scale (CDS)

  ≥ 70 completely independent

Reference

  ≥ 60–69 to a great extent independent

3.20 (2.74–3.72)^a

  ≥ 45–59 partially dependent

8.83 (7.59–10.28)^a

  ≥ 25–44 to a great extent dependent

23.81 (20.17–28.10)^a

  ≤ 24 completely dependent

39.74 (32.72–48.26)^a

 Mental and behavioural disorders

2.31 (2.09–2.56)^a

 Factors influencing health status and contact with health services

1.42 (1.22–1.65)^a

 Diseases of the genitourinary system

0.90 (0.81–1.00)

 Diseases of the digestive system

0.85 (0.76–0.95)^a

 Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue

0.78 (0.70–0.86)^a