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Table 4 Factors affecting patient experience for rural and urban residents in the unmatched cohort

From: Rural and urban differences in patient experience in China: a coarsened exact matching study from the perspective of residents

Variables

Rural

Urban

Coef.a

ORb

Coef.a

ORb

95%CI

95%CI

95%CI

95%CI

Age, years (Ref: ≤45)

 46–60

1.487

1.192

1.231

1.115

(− 0.054–3.028)

(0.998–1.424)

(− 0.085–2.547)

(0.965–1.288)

  > 60

2.029*

1.119

2.314**

1.229**

(0.338–3.719)

(0.915–1.369)

(0.919–3.710)

(1.052–1.437)

Gender (Ref: Male)

 Female

1.292*

1.130

0.257

1.040

(0.064–2.519)

(0.975–1.310)

(− 0.770–1.283)

(0.927–1.167)

Education status (Ref: Primary school and below)

 Junior and senior school

− 0.331

0.894

− 1.099

0.841*

(−1.694–1.033)

(0.760–1.053)

(− 2.530–0.332)

(0.715–0.989)

 College degree and above

−0.428

0.918

−1.355

0.763**

(−3.318–2.463)

(0.652–1.292)

(−3.140–0.430)

(0.625–0.931)

Marital status (Ref: Unmarried/Divorced/Widowed/Cohabiting)

 Married

−0.484

1.003

−0.664

0.938

(−1.982–1.014)

(0.838–1.200)

(−1.850–0.523)

(0.821–1.072)

 Social status

1.158***

1.145***

0.955***

1.101***

(0.756–1.561)

(1.090–1.204)

(0.573–1.337)

(1.056–1.148)

Region (Ref: Eastern)

 Middle

0.0198

1.103

2.847***

1.481***

(−1.565–1.605)

(0.914–1.330)

(1.620–4.075)

(1.291–1.698)

 Western

2.098*

1.276*

3.947***

1.570***

(0.464–3.732)

(1.044–1.560)

(2.559–5.335)

(1.331–1.852)

Personal income (Ref: Poorest)

 2nd

1.748

1.168

− 0.466

0.956

(−0.045–3.541)

(0.942–1.449)

(− 2.089–1.156)

(0.794–1.151)

 Middle

0.350

1.039

−1.447

0.795*

(−1.509–2.209)

(0.836–1.291)

(−3.086–0.193)

(0.660–0.957)

 4st

0.807

1.056

−0.158

1.016

(−1.175–2.788)

(0.834–1.338)

(−1.841–1.526)

(0.842–1.225)

 Richest

0.202

1.014

−2.129*

0.803*

(−1.831–2.235)

(0.797–1.289)

(−3.996 - -0.261)

(0.650–0.992)

Family economic status (Ref: Lower than average)

 Average

0.341

0.974

1.908**

1.187*

(−0.962–1.643)

(0.832–1.141)

(0.699–3.116)

(1.039–1.358)

 Higher than average

−0.435

0.867

2.990**

1.371**

(−2.820–1.950)

(0.644–1.166)

(0.959–5.021)

(1.090–1.723)

Medical insurance (Ref: No)

 Yes

1.892

1.158

0.869

1.107

(−0.611–4.395)

(0.871–1.539)

(−1.058–2.795)

(0.893–1.373)

Evaluation on adequacy of healthcare resource (Ref: Inadequate)

 Fair

2.963**

1.441***

3.178***

1.497***

(1.062–4.864)

(1.160–1.791)

(1.581–4.775)

(1.260–1.779)

 Adequate

7.018***

2.163***

7.116***

2.345***

(5.045–8.992)

(1.719–2.721)

(5.357–8.875)

(1.922–2.861)

Evaluation on distribution of healthcare resource (Ref: Unbalanced)

 Fair

2.410**

1.157

1.672*

1.133

(0.619–4.202)

(0.942–1.422)

(0.202–3.142)

(0.964–1.331)

 Balanced

4.464***

1.658***

3.201***

1.594***

(2.471–6.456)

(1.312–2.096)

(1.428–4.975)

(1.313–1.935)

Evaluation on accessibility of healthcare resource (Ref: Inconvenient)

 Fair

0.491

1.129

3.497***

1.331***

(−1.411–2.392)

(0.921–1.384)

(1.958–5.035)

(1.125–1.573)

 Convenient

2.995**

1.525***

5.783***

1.719***

(0.963–5.026)

(1.217–1.911)

(4.188–7.377)

(1.440–2.053)

Self-rated health status (Ref: Unhealthy)

 Fair

2.121*

1.231

1.780

1.114

(0.370–3.873)

(0.998–1.520)

(−0.164–3.725)

(0.902–1.376)

 Healthy

2.287**

1.217*

3.243***

1.313**

(0.729–3.845)

(1.008–1.469)

(1.423–5.063)

(1.076–1.601)

  1. Note: Coef. means Coefficient. OR means Odds Ratio. 95% CI means 95% Confidence Interval
  2. Sample weights are considered
  3. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001
  4. a Ordinary least-squares regression
  5. b Ordered logistic regression