Association between Medicare’s Hospital Readmission Reduction Program and readmission rates across hospitals by medicare bed share

Table 2 Association of 30-day readmissions with Medicare bed share tertiles, 2009–2016

	Average 30-day risk-adjusted readmission rate (%)
	High Medicare bed share (tertile 3) hospitals	Moderate Medicare bed share hospitals	Low Medicare bed share (tertile 1) hospitals
A. Acute myocardial infarction
Pre-HRRP	20.0	19.8	20.0
Post-HRRP	18.6	18.5	18.6
Pre- to Post-HRRP difference	−1.47***	−1.31***	−1.35***
Pre- to Post-HRRP difference	[−1.57, −1.36]	[−1.40, −1.21]	[−1.46, −1.24]
Difference-in-differences	−0.11	0.05	Reference
Difference-in-differences	[−0.26, 0.04]	[−0.10, 0.04]
B. Heart failure
Pre-HRRP	24.5	24.4	24.7
Post-HRRP	23.5	23.3	23.6
Pre- to Post-HRRP difference	−0.92***	−1.00***	−1.02***
Pre- to Post-HRRP difference	[−1.05, − 0.79]	[− 1.12, − 0.88]	[−1.15, − 0.90]
Difference-in-differences	0.11	0.03	Reference
Difference-in-differences	[−0.07, 0.28]	[− 0.07, 0.29]
C. Pneumonia
Pre-HRRP	18.3	18.2	18.4
Post-HRRP	18.0	17.9	18.1
Pre- to Post-HRRP difference	−0.24***	−0.28***	− 0.35***
Pre- to Post-HRRP difference	[− 0.34, − 0.13]	[−0.38, − 0.18]	[−0.45, − 0.24]
Difference-in-differences	0.11	0.06	Reference
Difference-in-differences	[−0.04, 0.26]	[0.08, 0.21]

1) Pre-HRRP year is 2009; post-HRRP period is 2010–2016
2) Pre- to Post-HRRP differences indicate observed differences within each Medicare bed share cohort between pre- and post-HRRP periods. These estimates are based on linear random effects regression models (separate for each Medicare bed share cohort) with hospital-level clustering. Only covariate included was indicator of Post-HRRP period
3) Difference-in-differences estimates are based on linear random effects regression model. Only the interaction term coefficients are reported above. Full model estimates are in Additional file 1: Table 1
4) 95% confidence intervals are in square parentheses. *** p < 0.001

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