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Table 1 Participant characteristics by Arm

From: Testing patient-informed approaches for visually depicting the hemoglobin A1c value to patients with poorly controlled diabetes: a randomized, controlled trial

 

Overall

Standard

Words

Graph

n = 234

100%

n = 78

33.3%

n = 79

33.8%

n = 77

32.9%

Age (mean years [SD])

56.3 (10.5)

57.8 (10.1)

56.1 (10.9)

54.9 (10.5)

Hispanic (%)

4

1.7

1

1.3

1

1.3

2

2.6

Race (%)

 Black

180

76.9

59

75.6

63

79.7

58

71.4

 White

42

17.9

14

17.9

14

17.7

14

18.2

 Other

11

4.7

4

5.1

2

2.5

5

6.5

Female (%)

152

65.0

51

65.4

51

64.6

20

65.0

Educational Attainment (%)

 Less than high school

39

16.7

9

11.5

17

21.5

13

16.9

 Completed high school

68

29.1

24

30.8

20

25.3

24

31.2

 Some college or a technical degree

71

30.3

27

34.6

22

27.9

22

28.6

 Bachelor’s/associates degree

34

14.5

9

11.5

12

15.2

13

16.9

 Grad/professional degree

22

9.4

9

11.5

8

10.1

5

6.5

Annual household income (%)

  < $20,000

90

38.5

29

37.2

28

35.4

33

42.9

 $20,000–$49,000

51

21.8

17

21.8

21

26.6

13

16.9

 $50,000–$80,000

29

12.4

11

14.1

12

15.2

6

7.8

  > $80,000

26

11.1

6

7.7

6

7.6

12

15.6

 Missing

38

16.2

15

19.2

12

15.2

13

16.9

Initial Hemoglobin A1c (Median % [IQR])

9.1 (8.4–10.4)

9.2 (8.5–10.8)

9.0 (8.4–10.2)

9.0 (8.4–10.1)

Diabetes duration, (Mean years [SD])

15.1 (11.0)

14.5 (10.6)

13.7 (10.9)

17.3 (11.4)

On insulin (%)

166

70.9

50

64.1

58

73.4

58

75.3

On an oral diabetes medication (%)

148

63.2

57

73.1

48

60.8

43

55.8

Self-reported diabetes-related complication (%)

92

39.3

29

37.2

28

35.4

35

45.5

Prior diabetes education class (%)

117

50.0

34

43.6

42

53.2

41

53.2

Self-reported hypertension (%)

188

80.3

62

79.5

66

83.5

60

77.9

Self-reported hyperlipidemia (%)

172

73.5

54

69.2

56

70.9

62

80.5

Positive depression screen (%)a

102

43.6

36

46.2

31

39.2

35

45.5

High diabetes self-efficacy (%)b

125

53.4

43

55.1

47

59.5

35

45.5

Diabetes locus of control (%)c

 % Internal

149

63.7

54

69.2

52

65.8

43

55.8

 % External

38

16.2

8

10.3

11

13.9

19

24.7

 % Chance

8

3.4

2

2.6

3

3.8

3

3.9

Subjective Numeracy Score (Mean [SD])d

3.1 (1.1)

3.1 (1.3)

3.2 (1.0)

3.1 (1.0)

  1. SD standard deviation, IQR inter-quartile range
  2. aPositive depression screen defined as a “Yes” response to ≥1 question
  3. bHigh diabetes self-efficacy defined by a score above the population median
  4. cDiabetes locus of control defined by the majority of each participant’s responses (e.g., if most responses were consistent with external loci of control, that participant was classified as having an external locus of control
  5. dSubjective numeracy score measured on a scale from 1 (low numeracy) to 6 (high numeracy)
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BMC Health Services Research

ISSN: 1472-6963

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