Table 1 Indicators included in this study

Clinician density

\( \frac{clinician\ number}{\ population}\ast 1000 \)

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) doctor density

\( \frac{TCM\ doctor\ number}{\ population}\ast 1000 \)

Dentist density

\( \frac{dentist\ number}{\ population}\ast 1000 \)

Public health doctor density

\( \frac{public\ health\ doctor\ number}{\ population}\ast 1000 \)

General practitioner density

\( \frac{general\ practitioner\ number}{\ population}\ast 1000 \)