Table 2 Results of two mixed effects logistic regression models examining the likelihood of Medicaid-enrolled youth with mental illness having one or more dental visits during 2015. Model 1 includes all youth and excludes health condition and prospective risk variables (n = 6564). Model 2 excludes youth with no medical or pharmacy claims data and includes all explanatory variables (n = 5805)

 Female

1.00 (Reference)

0.32

(0.30–0.33)

1.00 (Reference)

0.36

(0.32–0.36)

 Male

0.82

(0.73–0.92)

0.001

0.28

(0.26–0.29)

0.78

(0.69–0.89)

< 0.001

0.31

(0.27–0.31)

 7–10

1.00 (Reference)

0.4

(0.36–0.44)

1.00 (Reference)

0.45

(0.37–0.45)

 11–14

0.75

(0.62–0.91)

0.004

0.34

(0.31–0.36)

0.76

(0.62–0.94)

0.010

0.38

(0.32–0.38)

 15–18

0.59

(0.49–0.71)

< 0.001

0.29

(0.27–0.31)

am

(0.53–0.79)

< 0.001

0.33

(0.29–0.33)

 19–20

0.36

(0.29–0.41)

< 0.001

0.2

(0.18–0.22)

0.42

(0.33–0.54)

< 0.001

0.26

(0.20–0.26)

 White

1.00 (Reference)

0.28

(0.25–0.30)

1.00 (Reference)

0.32

(0.27–0.32)

 Black /African American

1.05

(0.89–1.22)

0.580

0.28

(0.26–0.31)

1.07

(0.91–1.26)

0.428

0.33

(0.28–0.33)

 Hispanic

1.25

(1.04–1.51)

0.015

0.32

(0.29–0.35)

1.32

(1.09–1.60)

0.005

0.38

(0.32–0.38)

 Other

1.1

(0.77–1.55)

0.611

0.29

(0.23–0.36)

1.14

(0.79–1.65)

0.481

0.39

(0.24–0.39)

 Not Provided

1.22

(0.96–1.55)

0.101

0.32

(0.28–0.35)

1.26

(0.98–1.61)

0.072

0.38

(0.30–0.38)

 English

1.00 (Reference)

0.29

(0.28–0.30)

1.00 (Reference)

0.33

(0.29–0.33)

 Not English

1.38

(1.13–1.68)

0.002

0.36

(0.31–0.40)

1.4

(1.14–1.73)

0.001

0.43

(0.34–0.43)

 15% + of adults have HS degree

1.00 (Ref)

0.31

(0.29–0.33)

1.00 (Reference)

0.35

(0.31–0.35)

  < 15% of adults have HS degree

0.8

(0.68–0.93)

0.004

0.27

(0.24–0.29)

0.79

(0.67–0.93)

0.005

0.31

(0.26–0.31)

 SSI

1.00 (Reference)

0.29

(0.26–0.32)

1.00 (Reference)

0.32

(0.26–0.32)

 TANF

1.05

(0.87–1.28)

0.604

0.3

(0.28–0.32)

1.2

(0.97–1.47)

0.089

0.35

(0.31–0.35)

 Other (Prim Child Welf)

1.05

(0.73–1.52)

0.773

0.3

(0.23–0.37)

1.14

(0.78–1.65)

0.497

0.39

(0.25–0.39)

 Large Central Metro (Most Urban)

1.00 (Reference)

0.29

(0.27–0.31)

1.00 (Reference)

0.33

(0.29–0.33)

 Large Fringe Metro

1.16

(0.99–1.35)

0.064

0.32

(0.29–0.34)

1.17

(1.00–1.38)

0.050

0.37

(0.31–0.37)

 Medium Metro

0.97

(0.81–1.17)

0.773

0.28

(0.25–0.31)

0.97

(0.80–1.18)

0.780

0.33

(0.27–0.33)

 Small Metro

1.13

(0.76–1.66)

0.546

0.31

(0.24–0.39)

1.15

(0.76–1.74)

0.493

0.42

(0.25–0.42)

 Non- Metro (Most Rural)

1.52

(0.98–2.36)

0.060

0.37

(0.28–0.47)

1.52

(0.96–2.41)

0.077

0.5

(0.30–0.50)

 No

1.00 (Reference)

0.3

(0.28–0.31)

1.00 (Reference)

0.33

(0.30–0.33)

 Yes

0.63

(0.35–1.12)

0.112

0.21

(0.12–0.31)

0.69

(0.39–1. 25)

0.222

0.35

(0.14–0.35)

 No

1.00 (Reference)

0.3

(0.28–0.31)

1.00 (Reference)

0.33

(0.30–0.33)

 Yes

1

(0.77–1.28)

0.979

0.3

(0.25–0.34)

0.97

(0.75–1.27)

0.849

0.36

(0.26–0.36)

 No

1.00 (Ref)

0.14

(0.11–0.16)

 Yes

3.06

(2.44–3.84)

< 0.001

0.32

(0.30–0.33)

 No

1.00 (Reference)

0.32

(0.28–0.32)

 Yes

1.34

(1.15–1.55)

< 0.001

0.39

(0.33–0.39)

 No

1.00 (Reference)

0.33

(0.30–0.33)

 Yes

1.02

(0.88–1.18)

0.831

0.35

(0.29–0.35)

 No

1.00 (Reference)

0.33

(0.30–0.33)

 Yes

0.97

(0.82–1.16)

0.759

0.35

(0.28–0.35)

 No

1.00 (Reference)

0.33

(0.30–0.33)

 Yes

0.83

(0.62–1.11)

0.199

0.33

(0.23–0.34)

 No

1.00 (Reference)

0.33

(0.30–0.33)

 Yes

1.31

(0.97–1.75)

0.075

0.44

(0.31–0.44)

 No

1.00 (Reference)

0.33

(0.30–0.33)

 Yes

1.15

(0.97–1.37)

0.111

0.38

(0.31–0.38)

 No

1.00 (Reference)

0.33

(0.30–0.33)

 Yes

1.16

(1.01–1.35)

0.041

0.37

(0.31–0.37)

 No

1.00 (Reference)

0.33

(0.30–0.33)

 Yes

1.12

(0.73–1.73)

0.598

0.43

(0.25–0.43)

 No

1.00 (Reference)

0.33

(0.30–0.33)

 Yes

1.06

(0.89–1.26)

0.526

0.36

(0.29–0.36)

 No

1.00 (Reference)

0.34

(0.31–0.34)

 Yes

0.61

(0.45–0.83)

0.002

0.28

(0.18–0.28)

 (Continuous)

1.09

(1.03–1.16)

0.004

See Fig. 1

 No

1.00 (Reference)

0.34

(0.31–0.34)

 Yes

0.87

(0.72–1.06)

0.159

0.33

(0.26–0.33)