Table 3 Informal caregiver’s self-reported anxiety symptoms and the independent variables, between Italy and Sweden

Background and Context

 Gender ^a

 Male

5.80 (4.29)

2.31 (2.18)

0.299

 Female

7.17 (4.10)

2.94 (2.63)

 Age ^a

 < 39

7.71 (4.07)

3.80 (3.42)

0.486

 40–54

6.51 (3.96)

2.19 (2.38)

 55–69

6.64 (4.11)

2.56 (2.53)

 > 70

7.05 (4.61)

2.85 (2.20)

 Marital status ^a

 Not Married

6.27 (4.09)

3.18 (2.84)

0.341

 Married

6.86 (4.23)

2.45 (2.27)

 Education ^a

 Elementary school

6.88 (4.11)

2.49 (2.43)

0.066

 Gymnasium/ secondary

6.50 (4.53)

2.39 (2.60)

 University

6.71 (3.38)

3.69 (1.80)

 Living with persons with dementia ^{a b}

 No

6.53 (4.04)

2.44 (2.62)

0.175

 Yes

6.88 (4.28)

2.87 (2.19)

 Physical health, disease count ^a

 0–2

6.73 (4.13)

2.54 (2.44)

0.064

 3 or more

6.81 (4.68)

4.20 (1.79)

 Type of relationship with persons with dementia ^a

 Wife/ husband (spouse)

7.30 (4.46)

2.92 (2.25)

0.248

 Child

6.55 (3.94)

2.52 (2.60)

 Other

6.26 (4.54)

1.67 (2.25)

Primary Stressors of Dementia

 Severity of disease, MMSE ^d

 Normal (25+)

2.00 (1.41)

5 (n.a.)

0.615

 Mild (21–25)

7.62 (3.97)

2.58 (2.26)

 Moderate (10–20)

6.71 (4.20)

2.58 (2.53)

 Inappropriate behaviours ^e

 No

6.75 (4.39)

2.51 (2.45)

0.430

 Yes

6.70 (3.63)

3.00 (2.56)

 ADL dependency ^c

 0–2

6.59 (4.15)

2.62 (2.44)

–

 3–6

7.37 (4.40)

–

Total hours of caregiving/ day ^{f g}

 ≤ 5

6.93 (4.22)

2.41 (2.34)

0.120

 ≥ 6

6.09 (4.03)

3.64 (2.85)

Secondary Stressors of Dementia

 Occupation ^c

 Not Actively Working

6.90 (4.11)

3.10 (2.36)

0.027

 Actively Working

6.55 (4.31)

2.12 (2.38)

Mediators

 Additional caregiver support ^a

 No

6.98 (3.97)

3.19 (2.57)

0.044

 Yes

6.68 (4.26)

2.09 (2.19)

 Number of additional caregivers ^a

 0–1

6.62 (4.03)

2.75 (2.53)

0.689

 2 or more

7.09 (4.68)

2.30 (2.16)