Table 3 Psychometric properties of the Health Literacy Questionnaire - Asante Twi
Item | Factor loading (95% CI) | R2 | Composite reliability | Cronbach’s alpha |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Scale 1: Feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers | 0.80 | 0.80 (0.78–0.82) | ||
I have at least one healthcare provider who knows me well | 0.76 (0.73–0.78) | 0.58 | ||
I have at least one health care provider I can discuss my health with | 0.86 (0.84–0.89) | 0.74 | ||
I have the healthcare providers I need to help me work out what I need to do | 0.82 (0.80–0.84) | 0.67 | ||
I can rely on at least one healthcare provider | 0.61 (0.58–0.64) | 0.37 | ||
Model fit: χ2DWLS (2) = 20.643, ρ = 0.000, CFI = 0.998, TLI = 0.993, RMSEA = 0.087 (0.056–0.123) | ||||
2. Having sufficient information to manage my health | 0.69 | 0.68 (0.65–0.71) | ||
I feel I have good information about health | 0.37 (0.31–0.42) | 0.14 | ||
I have enough information to help me deal with my health problems | 0.73 (0.69–0.76) | 0.53 | ||
I am sure I have all the information I need to manage my health effectively … . | 0.74 (0.71–0.77) | 0.55 | ||
I have all the information I need to look after my health … . | 0.79 (0.75–0.82) | 0.62 | ||
Model fit: χ2DWLS (2) = 8.573, ρ = 0.014, CFI = 0.998, TLI = 0.994, RMSEA = 0.052 (0.020–0.089) | ||||
3. Actively managing my health | 0.75 | 0.75 (0.73–0.77) | ||
I spend quite a lot of time actively managing my health … . | 0.70 (0.66–0.74) | 0.49 | ||
I make plans for what I need to do to be healthy … .. | 0.71 (0.68–0.75) | 0.50 | ||
Despite other things in my life, I make time to be healthy … . | 0.74 (0.71–0.77) | 0.55 | ||
I set my own goals about health and fitness … . | 0.65 (0.61–0.69) | 0.42 | ||
There are things that I do regularly to make myself more healthy | 0.67 (0.63–0.71) | 0.45 | ||
Model fit: χ2DWLS (5) = 179.252, ρ = 0.000, CFI = 0.965, TLI = 0.930, RMSEA = 0.168 (0.148–0.190) | ||||
4. Social support for health | 0.69 | 0.68 (0.65–0.71) | ||
I can get access to several people who understand and support … | 0.68 (0.64–0.72) | 0.46 | ||
When I feel ill, the people around me really understand what … .. | 0.52 (0.47–0.56) | 0.27 | ||
If I need help, I have plenty of people I can rely … . | 0.74 (0.71–0.78) | 0.55 | ||
I have at least one person who can come to medical appointments … .. | 0.40 (0.35–0.5) | 0.16 | ||
I have strong support from family or friends … .. | 0.72 (0.68–0.75) | 0.52 | ||
Model fit: χ2DWLS (5) = 23.658, ρ = 0.000, CFI = 0.995, TLI = 0.989, RMSEA = 0.055 (0.034–0.078) | ||||
5. Appraisal of health information | 0.75 | 0.74 (0.72–0.77) | ||
I compare health information from different sources … .. | 0.80 (0.77–0.83) | 0.64 | ||
When I see new information about health, I check up … … . | 0.72 (0.68–0.75) | 0.52 | ||
I always compare health information from different sources and decide … . | 0.83 (0.80–0.85) | 0.69 | ||
I know how to find out if the health information I receive is right … . | 0.49 (0.45–0.63) | 0.24 | ||
I ask healthcare providers about the quality of the health information … . | 0.59 (0.54–0.63) | 0.35 | ||
Model fit: χ2DWLS (5) = 74.552, ρ = 0.000, CFI = 0.987, TLI = 0.974, RMSEA = 0.106 (0.086–0.128) | ||||
6. Ability to actively engage with health care providers | 0.81 | 0.79 (0.78–0.81) | ||
Make sure that healthcare providers understand your problems properly | 0.34 (0.29–0.39) | 0.11 | ||
Feel able to discuss your health concerns with a healthcare provider | 0.84 (0.81–0.86) | 0.71 | ||
Have good discussions about your health with doctors | 0.80 (0.78–0.82) | 0.64 | ||
Discuss things with healthcare providers until you understand all you need to | 0.82 (0.80–0.85) | 0.67 | ||
Ask healthcare providers questions to get the health information you need | 0.75 (0.72–0.77) | 0.56 | ||
Model fit: χ2DWLS (5) = 20.230, ρ = 0.001, CFI = 0.999, TLI = 0.997, RMSEA = 0.050 (0.028–0.073) | ||||
7. Navigating health system | 0.82 | 0.82 (0.81–0.84) | ||
Find the right health care | 0.66 (0.62–0.69) | 0.44 | ||
Get to see the healthcare providers you need to | 0.70 (0.67–0.73) | 0.49 | ||
Decide which healthcare provider you need to see | 0.77 (0.74–0.80) | 0.59 | ||
Make sure you find the right place to get the health care you need | 0.65 (0.61–0.68) | 0.42 | ||
Find out which healthcare services you are entitled to | 0.73 (0.69–0.76) | 0.53 | ||
Work out what the best care is for you | 0.77 (0.74–0.79) | 0.59 | ||
Model fit: χ2DWLS (9) = 17.352, ρ = 0.043, CFI = 0.999, TLI = 0.999, RMSEA = 0.027 (0.005–0.047) | ||||
8. Finding health information | 0.66 | 0.66 (0.63–0.69) | ||
Find information about health problems | 0.83 (0.80–0.86) | 0.69 | ||
Find health information from several different places | 0.69 (0.65–0.72) | 0.48 | ||
Get information about health so you are up to date with the best … … | 0.74 (0.71–0.78) | 0.55 | ||
Get health information in words you understand | 0.60 (0.56–0.64) | 0.36 | ||
Get health information by yourself | 0.23 (0.18–0.29) | 0.05 | ||
Model fit: χ2DWLS (9) = 70.279, ρ = 0.000, CFI = 0.985, TLI = 0.970, RMSEA = 0.103 (0.082–0.125) | ||||
9. Understanding health information well enough to … .. | 0.71 | 0.57 (0.54–0.61) | ||
Confidently fill in medical forms in the correct way | 0.31 (0.27–0.35) | 0.10 | ||
Accurately follow the instructions from healthcare … . | −0.13 (− 0.19- (− 0.08)) | 0.02 | ||
Read and understand written health information | 0.90 (0.86–0.93) | 0.81 | ||
Read and understand all the information on medication … | 0.98 (0.94–1.01) | 0.96 | ||
Understand what healthcare providers are asking you to do | −0.07 (− 0.12-(− 0.02)) | 0.00 | ||
Model fit: χ2DWLS (5) = 944.273, ρ = 0.000, CFI = 0.950, TLI = 0.901, RMSEA = 0.390 (0.370–0.412) | ||||