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Table 3 Multivariate analyses of number of primary care, psychiatry and substance use disorder treatment visits over 36 months among newly enrolled members with HIV

From: Health care utilization and HIV clinical outcomes among newly enrolled patients following Affordable Care Act implementation in a California integrated health system: a longitudinal study

Primary Care Visits

RR (95% CI)

P

Time (Reference = 0–6 months)

 6–12 months

0.56 (0.51, 0.61)

<.01

 12–18 months

0.51 (0.47, 0.56)

<.01

 18–24 months

0.45 (0.41, 0.49)

<.01

 24–30 months

0.45 (0.40, 0.49)

<.01

 30–36 months

0.45 (0.41, 0.51)

<.01

Gender (Reference = Male)

1.07 (0.86, 1.33)

0.52

Women, 6–12 months

1.61 (1.26, 2.06)

<.01

Women, 12–18 months

1.10 (0.78, 1.54)

0.58

Women, 18–24 months

1.69 (1.15, 2.49)

0.01

Women, 24–30 months

1.91 (1.37, 2.67)

<.01

Women, 30–36 months

1.54 (1.03, 2.30)

0.03

Race/Ethnicity (Reference = White)

 Asian

1.06 (0.83, 1.36)

0.62

 Black

1.11 (0.98, 1.26)

0.11

 Hispanic

1.09 (0.95, 1.25)

0.22

 Other

1.12 (0.77, 1.64)

0.55

Age (at enrollment)

1.01 (1.00, 1.01)

<.01

Deductible level (Reference = none)a

 Low deductible

1.03 (0.90, 1.18)

0.67

 High deductible

0.79 (0.71, 0.88)

<.01

Exchange (Reference = not through exchange)b

1.00 (0.90, 1.11)

0.99

AIDS Drug Assistance Program (Reference = none)

1.10 (0.98, 1.23)

0.10

Psychiatry Visits

RR (95% CI)

P

Time (Reference = 0–6 months)

 6–12 months

1.07 (0.64, 1.78)

0.80

 12–18 months

0.64 (0.41, 1.00)

0.05

 18–24 months

0.86 (0.44, 1.70)

0.67

 24–30 months

0.89 (0.50, 1.60)

0.69

 30–36 months

0.65 (0.40, 1.05)

0.08

Gender (Reference = Male)

1.42 (0.55, 3.64)

0.46

Women, 6–12 months

1.97 (0.86, 4.51)

0.11

Women, 12–18 months

2.86 (0.72, 11.43)

0.14

Women, 18–24 months

0.69 (0.25, 1.91)

0.48

Women, 24–30 months

0.32 (0.08, 1.33)

0.12

Women, 30–36 months

0.40 (0.09, 1.79)

0.23

Race/Ethnicity (Reference = White)

 Asian

0.28 (0.10, 0.79)

0.02

 Black

1.52 (0.58, 3.98)

0.39

 Hispanic

0.73 (0.39, 1.37)

0.33

 Other

1.80 (0.60, 5.42)

0.30

Age (at enrollment)

1.03 (1.00, 1.05)

0.04

Deductible level (Reference = none)a

 Low deductible

0.96 (0.50, 1.84)

0.89

 High deductible

0.52 (0.27, 1.01)

0.05

Exchange (Reference = not through exchange)b

0.40 (0.18, 0.86)

0.02

AIDS Drug Assistance Program (Reference = none)

2.41 (1.24, 4.71)

0.01

Substance Use Treatment Visits

RR (95% CI)

P

Time (Reference = 0–6 months)

 6–12 months

0.86 (0.39, 1.89)

0.72

 12–18 months

0.89 (0.36, 2.17)

0.79

 18–24 months

0.43 (0.17, 1.04)

0.06

 24–30 months

0.26 (0.11, 0.65)

<.01

 30–36 months

0.19 (0.07, 0.53)

<.01

Gender (Reference = Male)

2.49 (0.55, 11.31)

0.24

Race/Ethnicity (Reference = White)

 Asian

0.48 (0.06, 3.96)

0.49

 Black

0.94 (0.25, 3.54)

0.93

 Hispanic

0.96 (0.28, 3.30)

0.95

 Other

0 (0.00, 0.03)

<.01

Age (at enrollment)

0.98 (0.96, 1.01)

0.25

Deductible level (Reference = none)a

 Low deductible

2.31 (0.81, 6.58)

0.12

 High deductible

1.32 (0.23, 7.55)

0.75

Exchange (Reference = not through exchange)b

1.33 (0.41, 4.33)

0.63

AIDS Drug Assistance Program (Reference = none)

0.48 (0.11, 2.03)

0.32

  1. RR Rate ratio, CI Confidence interval
  2. aLow deductible = $1 to $999; High deductible > = $1000 (comparison = no deductible)
  3. bCalifornia Insurance Exchange vs. other mechanisms