Table 1 Summary statistics

 Logarithm of total cost (log (CNY))

5.206

5.383

5.274

5.381

0.067

−0.001

0.146

0.975

 Increment of the logarithm of total cost (log (CNY))

0.057

0.037

0.048

0.026

−0.009

− 0.011

0.400

0.055*

 Logarithm of drug cost (log (CNY))

4.468

4.514

4.535

4.540

0.067

0.027

0.228

0.636

 Increment of the logarithm of drug cost (log (CNY))

0.044

−0.007

0.032

− 0.021

− 0.011

− 0.014

0.120

0.120

 Logarithm of examination cost (log (CNY))

3.569

3.797

3.663

3.772

0.094

−0.025

0.086*

0.623

 Increment of the logarithm of examination cost (log (CNY))

0.066

0.044

0.047

0.037

−0.019

− 0.007

0.415

0.331

 Logarithm of total cost (log (CNY))

8.917

9.018

8.923

9.024

0.006

0.006

0.912

0.923

 Increment of the logarithm of total cost (log (CNY))

0.046

0.025

0.041

0.019

−0.005

−0.006

0.569

0.391

 Logarithm of Drug cost (log (CNY))

7.947

7.776

8.014

7.893

0.067

0.117

0.179

0.051*

 Increment of the logarithm of drug cost (log (CNY))

0.014

−0.098

0.006

−0.075

− 0.008

0.023

0.375

0.079*

 Logarithm of examination cost (log (CNY))

6.441

6.654

6.395

6.590

−0.046

− 0.064

0.305

0.102

Increment of the logarithm of examination cost (log (CNY))

0.073

0.056

0.075

0.058

0.001

0.001

0.898

0.891

 Logarithm of surgery cost (log (CNY))

6.038

6.238

6.032

6.258

−0.006

0.020

0.917

0.781

 Increment of the logarithm of surgery cost (log (CNY))

0.026

0.096

−0.009

0.101

−0.035

0.005

0.009***

0.838

 Logarithm of GDP per capita (log (CNY))

10.582

10.765

10.695

10.870

0.113

0.104

0.106

0.208

 Logarithm of public budget revenue per capita (log (CNY))

8.416

8.552

8.496

8.629

0.079

0.077

0.398

0.494

 Primary industry output as a share of GDP (%)

0.105

0.093

0.100

0.087

−0.005

− 0.006

0.622

0.546