COVID-19 pandemic and dental hygienists in Italy: a questionnaire survey

Bontà, Giuliana; Campus, Guglielmo; Cagetti, Maria Grazia

doi:10.1186/s12913-020-05842-x

BMC Health Services Research

Table 3 PPE and measures adopted in the three area with different prevalence of COVID-19 by years-professional-experience categories

From: COVID-19 pandemic and dental hygienists in Italy: a questionnaire survey

Working-experience 1–10 yy	High prevalence area		Medium prevalence area		Low prevalence area		Total sample
Working-experience 1–10 yy	OF	%	OF	%	OF	%	OF	%
PPE and device adopted no responders n = 253 (22.33%)
Use of FFP2/FFP3 facial filter χ²₍₂₎ = 7.83 p = 0.09 Trend across COVID19 prevalence areas z = 1.47 p = 0.14
Yes	233	34.78	69	29.24	60	26.43	362	31.95
No	299	44.63	106	44.92	113	49.78	518	45.72
Use of disposable gown χ²₍₂₎ = 4.54 p = 0.34 Trend across COVID19 prevalence areas z = 1.49 p = 0.14
Yes	116	17.31	45	19.07	36	15.86	197	17.39
No	416	62.09	130	55.08	137	60.35	683	60.28
Use of safety glasses or visor χ²₍₂₎ = 3.97 p = 0.41 Trend across COVID19 prevalence areas z = 1.50 p = 0.14
Yes	477	71.19	161	68.22	157	69.16	795	70.17
No	55	8.21	14	5.93	16	7.05	85	7.50
Rotating instrument with anti-retraction valve χ²₍₂₎ = 5.12 p = 0.28 Trend across COVID19 prevalence areas z = 1.49 p = 0.13
Yes	41	6.12	17	7.20	19	8.37	77	6.80
No	491	73.28	158	66.95	154	67.84	803	70.87
Measures adopted no responders n = 272 (24.01%)
Phone triage χ²₍₂₎ = 28.74 p < 0.01 Trend across COVID19 prevalence areas z = 1.61 p = 0.11
Yes	381	56.87	103	43.64	90	39.65	574	50.66
No	141	21.04	68	28.81	78	34.36	287	25.33
Appointments delayed so to not saturate the waiting room χ²₍₂₎ = 4.33 p = 0.36 Trend across COVID19 prevalence areas z = 1.67 p = 0.09
Yes	259	38.66	92	38.98	85	37.44	436	38.48
No	263	39.25	79	33.47	83	36.56	425	37.51
Postponement of therapy of elderly patients χ²₍₂₎ = 5.35 p = 0.25 Trend across COVID19 prevalence areas z = 1.65 p = 0.09
Yes	169	25.22	58	24.58	46	20.26	273	24.10
No	353	52.69	113	47.88	122	53.74	588	51.90
Washing the patient’s hands χ²₍₂₎ = 16.32 p < 0.01 Trend across COVID19 prevalence areas z = 1.62 p = 0.10
Yes	380	56.72	113	47.88	98	43.17	591	52.16
No	142	21.19	58	24.58	70	30.84	270	23.83
Working-experience 11–20 yy	High prevalence area		Medium prevalence area		Low prevalence area		Total sample
Working-experience 11–20 yy	OF	%	OF	%	OF	%	OF	%
PPE and device adopted by the dental hygienists no responders n = 214 (23.19%)
Use of FFP2/FFP3 facial filter χ²₍₂₎ = 1.59 p = 0.81 Trend across COVID19 prevalence areas z = 1.47 p = 0.31
Yes	132	29.80	69	31.36	74	28.46	275	29.79
No	213	48.08	102	46.36	119	45.77	434	47.02
Use of disposable gown χ²₍₂₎ = 3.94 p = 0.41 Trend across COVID19 prevalence areas z = 0.99 p = 0.32
Yes	86	19.41	36	16.36	37	14.23	159	17.23
No	259	58.47	135	61.36	156	60.00	550	59.59
Use of safety glasses or visor χ²₍₂₎ = 2.30 p = 0.68 Trend across categories of COVID19 prevalence areas z = 1.00 p = 0.32
Yes	316	71.33	154	70.00	172	66.15	642	69.56
No	29	6.55	17	7.73	21	8.08	67	7.26
Rotating instrument with anti-retraction valve χ²₍₂₎ = 2.96 p = 0.56 Trend across COVID19 prevalence areas z = 1.01 p = 0.32
Yes	29	6.55	10	4.55	18	6.92	57	6.18
No	316	71.33	161	73.18	175	67.31	652	70.64
Measures adopted by the dental hygienists no responders n = 238 (25.79%)
Phone triage χ²₍₂₎ = 4.72 p = 0.317 Trend across COVID19 prevalence areas z = 0.77 p = 0.44
Yes	227	51.24	104	47.27	112	43.08	443	48.00
No	106	23.93	60	27.27	76	29.23	242	26.22
Appointments delayed so to not saturate the waiting room χ²₍₂₎ = 1.87 p = 0.76 Trend across COVID19 prevalence areas z = 0.80 p = 0.42
Yes	150	33.86	82	37.27	90	34.62	322	34.89
No	183	41.31	82	37.27	98	37.69	363	39.33
Postponement of therapy of elderly patients χ²₍₂₎ = 3.32 p = 0.50 Trend across COVID19 prevalence areas z = 0.78 p = 0.44
Yes	134	30.25	54	24.55	69	26.54	257	27.84
No	199	44.92	110	50.00	119	45.77	428	46.37
Washing the patient’s hands χ²₍₂₎ = 19.23 p < 0.01 Trend across COVID19 prevalence areas z = 0.75 p = 0.45
Yes	239	53.95	98	44.55	101	38.85	438	47.45
No	94	21.22	66	30.00	87	33.46	247	26.76
Working-experience > 20 yy	High prevalence area		Medium prevalence area		Low prevalence area		Total sample
Working-experience > 20 yy	OF	%	OF	%	OF	%	OF	%
PPE and device adopted by the dental hygienists no responders n = 210 (25.77%)
Use of FFP2/FFP3 facial filter χ²₍₂₎ = 7.39 p = 0.12 Trend across COVID19 prevalence areas z = −1.05 p = 0.29
Yes	82	27.24	93	34.19	65	26.86	240	29.45
No	137	45.51	107	39.34	121	50.00	365	44.79
Use of disposable gown χ²₍₂₎ = 3.83 p = 0.43 Trend across COVID19 prevalence areas z = − 1.06 p = 0.29
Yes	50	16.61	56	20.59	40	16.53	146	17.91
No	169	56.15	144	52.94	146	60.33	459	56.32
Use of safety glasses or visor χ²₍₂₎ = 4.66 p = 0.32 Trend across COVID19 prevalence areas z = −1.06 p = 0.29
Yes	201	66.78	175	64.34	172	71.07	548	67.24
No	18	5.98	25	9.19	14	5.79	57	6.99
Rotating instrument with anti-retraction valve χ²₍₂₎ = 11.10 p = 0.02 Trend across COVID19 prevalence areas z = −1.05 p = 0.29
Yes	31	10.30	11	4.04	26	10.74	68	8.34
No	188	62.46	189	69.49	160	66.12	537	65.89
Measures adopted by the dental hygienists no responders n 237 = (29.08%)
Phone triage χ²₍₂₎ = 21.99 p < 0.001 Trend across COVID19 prevalence areas z = −1.70 p = 0.09
Yes	145	48.17	95	34.93	115	47.52	355	43.56
No	60	19.93	97	35.66	66	27.27	223	27.36
Appointments delayed to not saturate the waiting room χ²₍₂₎ = 3.85 p = 0.43 Trend across COVID19 prevalence areas z = − 167 p = 0.09
Yes	109	36.21	107	39.34	105	43.39	321	39.39
No	96	31.89	85	31.25	76	31.40	257	31.53
Postponement of therapy of elderly patients χ²₍₂₎ = 3.47 p = 0.48 Trend across COVID19 prevalence areas z = −1.70 p = 0.09
Yes	95	31.56	92	33.82	80	33.06	267	32.76
No	110	36.54	100	36.76	101	41.74	311	38.16
Washing the patient’s hands χ²₍₂₎ = 9.10 p = 0.06 Trend across COVID19 prevalence areas z = − 171 p = 0.09
Yes	141	46.84	116	42.65	103	42.56	360	44.17
No	64	21.26	76	27.94	78	32.23	218	26.75

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