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Table 3 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

From: User fee policies and women’s empowerment: a systematic scoping review

Exclusion criteria (stage 1)

 • The title or abstract does not mention user fees paid by patients at healthcare facilities

 • The title or abstract does not mention the concept of women’s empowerment

 • The title or abstract does not mention a low-or-middle-income country (LMIC) as the study area

Inclusion criteria (stage 2)

 • The article presents new evidence about the relation between presence/absence/change in user fees and women’s empowerment (or related term)