How and to what extent can pensions facilitate increased use of health services by older people: evidence from social pension expansion in rural China

Table 2 estimated effects of retirement pension on health service utilization^a

	Total	Low income	Low-middle income	Middle-high income	High income
Outpatient
Contact decision	1.044 [0.956, 1.140]	*1.219 [1.018, 1.460]**	0.974 [0.819, 1.159]	1.065 [0.893, 1.269]	0.975 [0.807, 1.176]
Frequency decision	1.034 [0.982, 1.089]	1.093 [0.983, 1.215]	0.990 [0.893, 1.098]	1.027 [0.927, 1.137]	1.005 [0.898, 1.123]
Inpatient
Contact decision	1.237* [1.108, 1.381]**	*1.269 [1.020, 1.579]**	1.170 [0.944, 1.451]	1.387 [1.114, 1.726]**	1.141 [0.891, 1.457]
Frequency decision	0.956 [0.879, 1.041]	0.940 [0.798, 1.109]	0.969 [0.819, 1.147]	0.995 [0.837, 1.183]	0.855 [0.700, 1.041]
Self-treatment^b
Contact decision	1.056 [0.981, 1.137]	*1.207 [1.046, 1.393]**	1.112 [0.963, 1.286]	0.872. [0.749, 1.016]	*1.190 [1.014, 1.397]**
Over-the-counter medicines	1.058 [0.98, 1.142]	*1.208 [1.037, 1.407]**	1.099 [0.945, 1.278]	*0.847 [0.725, 0.991]**	*1.206 [1.024, 1.419]**
Traditional Chinese medicines	1.242 [1.083, 1.423]**	*1.452 [1.094, 1.932]**	1.201 [0.917, 1.573]	1.068 [0.814, 1.396]	*1.456 [1.079, 1.955]**
Tonic or health supplement	*1.247 [1.039, 1.495]**	1.101 [0.772, 1.572]	1.354 [0.938, 1.955]	1.327 [0.899, 1.945]	1.292 [0.884, 1.869]

^aData is present in effect value (sd), for contract decision the data is present in e^{effect value} (sd)
^bWe don’t estimated the results for “Health care equipment”, as the number of people who utilized it is too small
*** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05,. p < 0.1

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