Table 1 descriptive statistics for the variables in the analysisa
|  | Total (n = 14,922) | Low income (n = 3672) | Low-middle income (n = 3727) | Middle-high income (n = 3807) | High income (n = 3716) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||||
 Male (=yes) | 44.96 | 42.91 | 43.91 | 47.29 | 45.66 |
Education | |||||
 Illiterate (=yes) | 34.04 | 34.75 | 35.90 | 34.25 | 30.87 |
 Primary school (=yes) | 43.63 | 43.95 | 42.07 | 45.52 | 43.35 |
 Middle school or above (=yes) | 22.33 | 21.30 | 22.03 | 20.23 | 25.78 |
Live alone (=yes) | 16.07 | 17.73 | 15.51 | 16.42 | 14.00 |
Activities of Daily Living (ADL) | 21.04(6.55) | 20.72(6.7) | 20.97(6.55) | 20.69(6.93) | 21.83(5.77) |
Self-rated health status | 2.41(1.04) | 2.45(1.07) | 2.38(1.02) | 2.33(1.04) | 2.47(1.03) |
Pain (=yes) | 37.19 | 32.65 | 38.10 | 42.47 | 35.81 |
Chronic (=yes) | 69.32 | 63.92 | 70.29 | 73.76 | 69.09 |
Household income per capital per year | |||||
 In CNY | 15,856.19(82,270.62) | 12.94(31.67) | 603.6(345.96) | 6096.62(3647.07) | 56,808.14(157,843.57) |
 In EUR | 2052.74(10,650.75) | 1.68(4.1) | 78.14(44.79) | 789.27(472.15) | 7354.38(20,434.43) |
 In USD | 2299.15(11,929.24) | 1.88(4.59) | 87.52(50.16) | 884.01(528.83) | 8237.18(22,887.32) |
Pension (=yes) | 30.71 | 32.33 | 34.72 | 30.51 | 25.24 |
Pension income per capital per month | |||||
 In CNY | 71.29(34.15) | 75.39(38.18) | 68.89(25.88) | 68.46(29.51) | 73.60(44.00) |
 In EUR | 9.23(4.42) | 9.76(4.94) | 8.92(3.35) | 8.86(3.82) | 9.53(5.7) |
 In USD | 10.34(4.95) | 10.93(5.54) | 9.99(3.75) | 9.93(4.28) | 10.67(6.38) |
Outpatient | |||||
 Contact decision (=yes) | 22.45 | 20.06 | 22.72 | 24.10 | 22.97 |
 Frequency decision | 2.35(2.64) | 2.37(2.99) | 2.28(1.98) | 2.35(2.57) | 2.32(2.57) |
Inpatient | |||||
 Contact decision (=yes) | 12.87 | 13.16 | 13.18 | 13.29 | 11.74 |
 Frequency decision | 1.53(1.31) | 1.59(1.48) | 1.5(1.27) | 1.53(1.14) | 1.5(1.3) |
Self-treatment | |||||
 Contact decision (=yes) | 45.12 | 48.77 | 45.67 | 42.19 | 43.76 |
 Over-the-counter medicines (=yes) | 35.28 | 32.41 | 35.31 | 37.48 | 36.22 |
 Traditional Chinese medicines (=yes) | 9.71 | 9.23 | 9.50 | 10.98 | 9.07 |
 Tonic or health supplement (=yes) | 5.23 | 5.58 | 4.86 | 4.94 | 5.62 |
 Health care equipment (=yes) | 0.46 | 0.52 | 0.46 | 0.42 | 0.46 |