Table 1 Implementation Strategies by Actor, Action, Target(s) of Action, Temporality & Dosage, Implementation Outcome, and Justification
Strategy | Develop stakeholder relationships | Evaluation and iterative strategies | Train/Educate Stakeholders | Interactive assistance | Use financial strategies | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Identify and prepare site champions | Assess for readiness and identify barriers and facilitators | Distribute educational materials | Conduct educational meetings | Centralize technical assistance | Facilitate relay of clinical data to providers | Alter incentive/allowance structures | |
ERIC Definition* | Identify and prepare individuals who dedicate themselves to supporting, marketing, and driving through an implementation | Assess various aspects of an organization to determine its degree of readiness to implement, barriers that may impede implementation, and strengths that can be used in the implementation effort | Distribute educational materials (including guidelines, fact sheets, flyers) in person, by mail, and/or electronically | Hold meetings targeted toward different stakeholder groups to teach them about the clinical innovation | Develop and use a centralized system to deliver technical assistance focused on implementation issues | Provide as close to real-time data as possible about key measures of process/outcomes using integrated modes/channels of communication in a way | Work to incentivize the adoption and implementation of the clinical innovation |
Actor(s) | Academic partner staff; Community partner leadership, champion, frontline staff | Academic partner staff; Community partner leadership, champion, frontline staff, patients/clients | Academic partner staff; Community partner leadership, champion, frontline staff | Academic partner staff; Community partner leadership, champion, frontline staff | Academic partner staff; Community partner leadership, champion, frontline staff | Academic partner staff; Community partner leadership, champion, frontline staff | Academic partner staff; Community partner leadership, champion, frontline staff |
Actions | Introduce Gabby System development history, purpose and duties of site champion, process map rationale. After completion of pre-implementation steps, readiness surveys will be distributed to staff | Organizational readiness and post implementation interviews with leadership, champion and frontline staff; Post implementation focus group with patients/clients | Access to educational and recruitment materials to distribute to staff and patients/clients | Review Gabby System mechanics, content areas, and site-specific implementation approach in an interactive format | Academic partner to address any technical issues identified by community partner in phone calls | Access to site-specific Gabby System administrative page | Monetary incentives, non-monetary incentives such as food or transportation vouchers, Gabby System compatible devices for use at the clinic or during home visits |
Target(s) of actions | Community partner leadership (directly); Community partner; champion (directly) Frontline staff (indirectly) | Organizational readiness: Community partner leadership (directly), champion (directly), frontline staff (directly); | Site champion (directly) Frontline staff (directly) Patients/clients (directly) Site leadership (indirectly) | Site champion (directly) Frontline staff (directly) Site leadership (indirectly) | Site champion (directly) Frontline staff (directly) Site leadership (directly) | Site champion (directly) Frontline staff (directly) Site leadership (directly) | Patients/clients (directly) Frontline staff (directly) |
Barriers and facilitators: Patients/clients (directly); Community partner leadership (directly), champion (directly), frontline staff (directly); | |||||||
Temporality & Dose | 1.5 h completed over 2 months prior to launch | 1 h readiness interview prior to launch | Educational and recruitment materials distributed prior to launch | 2 h completed during site visit | Weekly calls with community partner staff in Month 1 of launch; As requested by Community Partner Months 2–6 of launch | Ongoing access of administrative page by site staff during Months 1–6 of launch | Use by frontline staff members or patients/clients during implementation |
1 h post implementation informant interview; 1 h patient/client focus group post implementation | |||||||
Implementation Outcome | Appropriateness, Acceptability | Appropriateness, Acceptability | Appropriateness, Acceptability | Appropriateness, Acceptability ​​​​​ | Acceptability, Feasibility | Feasibility | Feasibility |
Justification | Distribution of research information to stakeholders in a readily accessible and succinct manner | Identify and address site-specific weakness in readiness; Make informed decisions regarding allocation of resources and supports; Determine capacity building strategies necessary for scalability | Educational and recruitment materials distributed among community partner staff and patients/clients to aid Gabby System uptake | Provide community partner staff comprehensive overview of intervention features and client enrollment process​​ | Provide convenient technical assistance through one-on-one consultations with community partners | Site staff access to administrative page to address and provide follow-up on client risks | Incentive structures support staff implementation efforts and facilitate adoption of intervention by patients/clients |