Table 5 Wealth-related inequalities in maternal healthcare services among women aged 15–49 years in Nigeria: 2003–2018

1998

0.560(0.329 to 0.790)

0.544(0.320 to 0.768)

0.636(0.507 to 0.765)

0.555(0.443 to 0.668)

0.540(0.417 to 0.664)

0.262(0.202 to 0.322)

1999

0.521(0.375 to 0.666)

0.519(0.375 to 0.664)

0.502(0.398 to 0.605)

0.406(0.323 to 0.490)

0.546(0.454 to 0.638)

0.467(0.388 to 0.545)

2000

0.510(0.416 to 0.605)

0.510(0.416 to 0.605)

0.623(0.534 to 0.712)

0.571(0.489 to 0.652)

0.638(0.549 to 0.726)

0.601(0.517 to 0.685)

2001

0.573(0.502 to 0.645)

0.573(0.502 to 0.645)

0.594(0.494 to 0.694)

0.539(0.448 to 0.630)

0.615(0.528 to 0.703)

0.568(0.487 to 0.649)

2002

0.509(0.434 to 0.585)

0.508(0.433 to 0.583)

0.522(0.422 to 0.621)

0.463(0.375 to 0.551)

0.559(0.463 to 0.654)

0.513(0.425 to 0.600)

2003

0.592(0.461 to 0.723)

0.529(0.412 to 0.646)

0.687(0.635 to 0.740)

0.679(0.627 to 0.731)

0.527(0.455 to 0.598)

0.208(0.180 to 0.236)

2004

0.641(0.582 to 0.700)

0.630(0.572 to 0.688)

0.682(0.642 to 0.722)

0.618(0.582 to 0.655)

0.687(0.647 to 0.726)

0.635(0.598 to 0.671)

2005

0.657(0.616 to 0.697)

0.656(0.616 to 0.697)

0.678(0.640 to 0.716)

0.603(0.569 to 0.637)

0.681(0.644 to 0.718)

0.630(0.596 to 0.664)

2006

0.627(0.593 to 0.662)

0.627(0.592 to 0.661)

0.660(0.620 to 0.700)

0.594(0.558 to 0.631)

0.680(0.642 to 0.718)

0.636(0.600 to 0.672)

2007

0.649(0.618 to 0.680)

0.648(0.618 to 0.679)

0.691(0.650 to 0.732)

0.617(0.581 to 0.654)

0.691(0.652 to 0.730)

0.646(0.609 to 0.682)

2008

0.716(0.655 to 0.777)

0.703(0.643 to 0.762)

0.667(0.625 to 0.709)

0.633(0.593 to 0.673)

0.606(0.555 to 0.657)

0.428(0.392 to 0.464)

2009

0.693(0.647 to 0.740)

0.686(0.641 to 0.732)

0.691(0.653 to 0.730)

0.612(0.578 to 0.647)

0.729(0.693 to 0.765)

0.668(0.635 to 0.701)

2010

0.633(0.594 to 0.672)

0.633(0.594 to 0.672)

0.668(0.629 to 0.707)

0.605(0.569 to 0.640)

0.700(0.661 to 0.738)

0.650(0.614 to 0.685)

2011

0.598(0.557 to 0.639)

0.592(0.551 to 0.632)

0.651(0.613 to 0.688)

0.611(0.576 to 0.647)

0.692(0.658 to 0.727)

0.666(0.633 to 0.698)

2012

0.605(0.571 to 0639)

0.604(0.570 to 0.638)

0.667(0.630 to 0.704)

0.621(0.586 to 0.655)

0.699(0.665 to 0.734)

0.665(0.633 to 0.698

2013

0.541(0.366 to 0.716)

0.445(0.301 to 0.588)

0.601(0.536 to 0.666)

0.601(0.536 to 0.666)

0.480(0.408 to 0.551)

0.128(0.109 to 0.148)

2014

0.598(0.544 to 0.651)

0.543(0.494 to 0.591)

0.606(0.569 to 0.643)

0.572(0.537 to 0.607)

0.659(0.626 to 0.692)

0.637(0.605 to 0.669)

2015

0.557(0.511 to 0.603)

0.532(0.489 to 0.576)

0.624(0.591 to 0.656)

0.588(0.558 to 0.619)

0.654(0.621 to 0.686)

0.632(0.600 to 0.663)

2016

0.483(0.443 to 0.524)

0.476(0.436 to 0.516)

0.596(0.564 to 0.629)

0.575(0.543 to 0.606)

0.647(0.618 to 0.675)

0.637(0.609 to 0.665)

2017

0.505(0.472 to 0.539)

0.492(0.459 to 0.525)

0.591(0.557 to 0.624)

0.575(0.543 to 0.608)

0.649(0.618 to 0.681)

0.642(0.611 to 0.673)

Time trend coefficient (P-value)

−0.0003(−0.006 to 0.005) (0.921)

−0.001(−0.008 to 0.005) (0.620)

0.001(− 0.003 to 0.006) (0.625)

0.004(− 0.0009 to 0.008) (0.107)

0.004(− 0.001 to 0.010) (0.129)

0.009(− 0.004 to 0.022) (0.181)