Table 5 Comparison of factors associated with the number of QRPs in reporting of messages and conclusions in HSR publication between first and last authors

Intercept

0.248

1.28

0.18–0.93

2.212

9.33

1.47–56.60

Journal impact factor

−0.114

0.89

0.80–1.01

− 0.066

0.94

0.86–1.02

Working duration

0.004

1.01

0.98–1.03

0.005

1.01

0.98–1.02

 Ambition in science

0.306

1.36

0.99–1.85

–

–

–

 Self-efficacy

–

–

–

−0.198

0.82

0.59–1.14

 Perception of received training

−0.139

0.87

0.68–1.14

0.253

1.29

0.94–1.75

 Confidence in writing

–

–

–

−0.360

0.70

0.48–1.01

 Pressure to create societal impact.

0.216

1.24

1.02–1.51

0.175

1.19

0.90–1.58

 Perception of contribution to science.

0.192

1.21

0.94–1.55

–

–

–

 Specific training

−0.170

0.84

0.72–0.98

− 0.058

0.94

0.77–1.15

 Competitiveness

–

–

–

0.099

1.10

0.88–1.39

 Data storage

−0.112

0.89

0.73–1.10

–

–

–

 Feedback culture at institute

0.218

1.24

1.05–1.47

−0.094

0.91

0.75–1.10

 Influence of funders

−0.173

0.84

0.70–1.02

–

–

–

 Creating exciting conclusion

0.060

1.06

0.79–1.44

−0.052

0.95

0.73–1.24

 Suspicions of co-workers

–

–

–

0.047

1.05

0.76–1.44

 Journal practice

−0.075

0.93

0.77–1.12

–

–

–

 Stakeholder influence

0.052

1.05

0.90–1.24

−0.012

0.98

0.77–1.27

 Co-author conflict of interest

–

–

–

−0.083

0.92

0.75–1.12

 Conflict between co-authors

–

–

–

−0.118

0.89

0.74–1.06