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Table 3 Estimated two-part models of rural patients’ medical debt

From: What contributes to medical debt? Evidence from patients in rural China

Independent variables

Prevalence(n = 826)

Log (debt load)(n = 568)

Coefficient (SE)

z-Stat.

Coefficient (SE)

z-Stat.

Age (years)

≤17

Ref

 

Ref

 

18–44

0.518 (0.388)

1.34

−0.046 (0.157)

−0.29

45–64

0.657 (0.402)

1.63

−0.045 (0.167)

−0.27

65+

−0.236 (0.413)

− 0.57

− 0.329 (0.181)

−1.81

Gender

Male

Ref

 

Ref

 

Female

0.060 (0.172)

0.35

−0.104 (0.067)

−1.55

Marriage

Married

Ref

 

Ref

 

Others

−0.263 (0.247)

−1.07

−0.074 (0.105)

− 0.71

Household size

≤3

Ref

 

Ref

 

≥4

0.422 (0.187)a

2.25

0.062 (0.072)

0.86

PCHI (least to highest)

Quartile 1

Ref

 

Ref

 

Quartile 2

0.230 (0.247)

0.93

−0.144 (0.094)

−1.53

Quartile 3

−0.019 (0.257)

− 0.07

−0.306 (0.097)b

−3.16

Quartile 4

−0.404 (0.255)

−1.59

−0.236 (0.099)a

−2.40

Hospital level

County or less

Ref

 

Ref

 

Municipal or higher

0.054 (0.232)

0.23

0.187 (0.096)a

1.96

Inpatient days

−0.001 (0.002)

−0.39

− 0.002 (0.001)b

− 3.43

Inpatient expenses (least to highest)

Quartile 1

Ref

 

Ref

 

Quartile 2

−0.178 (0.241)

−0.74

0.001 (0.097)

0.10

Quartile 3

−0.010 (0.262)

−0.04

0.340 (0.100)b

3.40

Quartile 4

−0.404 (0.308)

−0.69

0.569 (0.117)c

4.88

NCMS reimbursement ratio

1.633 (0.819)a

1.99

−0.120 (0.346)

−0.35

CII reimbursement ratio

2.574 (2.103)

1.22

1.995 (0.785)a

2.54

NDMC

0.225 (0.067)b

3.36

0.121 (0.029)c

4.12

Indirect cost

0.035 (0.020)

1.75

−0.006 (0.008)

− 0.77

Financial assistance from kin

No

Ref

 

Ref

 

Yes

−1.468 (0.206)c

−7.14

−0.189 (0.095)a

−1.98

Medical assistance

No

Ref

 

Ref

 

Yes

0.420 (0. 231)

1.81

0.078 (0.084)

0.93

Constant

−2.384 (1.074)a

−2.22

9.411 (0.479)c

19.67

Likelihood-ratio test vs. logistic/linear regression

Chiba2

0.00

6.83b

  1. aIndicates significance at the 0.05 level
  2. bIndicates significance at the 0.01 level
  3. cIndicates significance at the 0.001 level
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BMC Health Services Research

ISSN: 1472-6963

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