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Table 5 Factors associated with health services utilization (OR[95CI])

From: Does health insurance impact health service utilization among older adults in urban China? A nationwide cross-sectional study

 

M1: Outpatient

M2: Inpatient

M3: Outpatient

M4: Inpatient

M5: Inpatient

N = Insured population

N = All population

Insurance (uninsured as base level)

 URBMI

/

/

1.23 [1.04,1.46]*

1.57 [1.28,1.93]*

1.54 [1.25,1.89]*

Year (2008 as base level)

 2013

1.07 [1.02,1.11]*

1.11 [1.06,1.17]*

1.05 [1.02,1.09]*

1.60 [1.31,1.95]*

1.41 [1.15,1.72]*

Age group (60–69 as base level)

 70–79

1.20 [1.05,1.38]*

1.42 [1.22,1.66]*

1.22 [1.07,1.38]*

1.41 [1.22,1.63]*

1.34 [1.16,1.55]*

 80+

0.88 [0.71,1.09]

0.84 [0.66,1.06]

1.00 [0.84,1.21]

0.91 [0.74,1.13]

0.92 [0.74,1.13]

Income level (per person, low as base level)

 Middle

1.25 [1.07,1.47]*

1.14 [0.96,1.36]

1.27 [1.10,1.48]*

1.13 [0.96,1.33]

1.11 [0.94,1.31]

 High

1.46 [1.26,1.71]*

1.30 [1.10,1.54]*

1.52 [1.32,1.75]*

1.34 [1.14,1.57]*

1.31 [1.11,1.53]*

Income source (other as base level, such as from children, friends)

 Own

0.87 [0.75,1.00]

1.11 [0.95,1.31]

0.86 [0.75,0.98]*

1.16 [1.00,1.35]

1.15 [0.98,1.34]

Difficulty in self-care in the past month (no difficulty as base level)

 Yes

1.03 [0.83,1.27]

1.59 [1.28,1.97]*

1.19 [1.01,1.41]*

2.15 [1.81,2.54]*

1.98 [1.67,2.35]*

 EQ-5D

0.25 [0.17,0.37]*

0.12 [0.08,0.18]*

0.25 [0.17,0.37]*

0.26 [0.21,0.33]*

0.32 [0.26,0.41]*

Self-reported NCDs (no as base level)

 Yes

/

/

/

/

2.54 [2.21,2.91]*

Gender (women as base level)

 Men

0.93 [0.81,1.06]

0.90 [0.78,1.05]

0.95 [0.84,1.07]

0.92 [0.80,1.05]

0.96 [0.83,1.11]

Household size (1-2person as base level)

 3–4

1.00 [0.84,1.18]

0.94 [0.78,1.14]

1.09 [0.93,1.27]

1.05 [0.88,1.25]

1.03 [0.87,1.23]

  ≥ 5

1.08 [0.91,1.29]

1.07 [0.89,1.30]

1.07 [0.91,1.25]

1.06 [0.89,1.27]

1.08 [0.90,1.29]

Highest education of family (None and primary as base level)

 Secondary

1.09 [0.93,1.28]

0.80 [0.68,0.95]*

1.03 [0.89,1.18]

0.91 [0.78,1.06]

0.91 [0.78,1.07]

 College and above

0.98 [0.79,1.22]

0.65 [0.51,0.82]*

1.07 [0.91,1.25]

0.82 [0.65,1.02]

0.82 [0.65,1.02]

Marital status (single or widowed as base level)

 Married

1.05 [0.89,1.24]

0.95 [0.79,1.14]

1.04 [0.84,1.21]

0.93 [0.78,1.10]

0.94 [0.79,1.11]

LR chi2

97.07

324.10

158.77

427.15

615.92

P

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

  1. *p < 0.05
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