Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the groups (intervention and control)
Total | Intervention | Control | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample size | 200 | 101 | 99 | |
Age | 79.4 (6.8) | 79.6 (6.9) | 79.2 (6.8) | 0.716 |
Gender (female) | 74 (37%) | 34 (34%) | 40 (40%) | 0.401 |
Education level | 0.094 | |||
Less than primary school | 40 (20%) | 16 (16%) | 24 (24%) | |
Primary school | 118 (59%) | 59 (59%) | 59 (60%) | |
Secondary school/Vocational training | 33 (17%) | 18 (18%) | 15 (15%) | |
University | 8 (4%) | 7 (7%) | 1 (1%) | |
Mobile use (Yes) | 124 (62%) | 58 (57%) | 66 (67%) | 0.230 |
Personal computer use (Yes) | 20 (10%) | 13 (13%) | 7 (7%) | 0.258 |
Smoking | 0.336 | |||
Never | 117 (58%) | 58 (57%) | 59 (60%) | |
Former | 67 (33%) | 32 (32%) | 35 (35%) | |
Current smoker | 13 (6%) | 8 (8%) | 5 (5%) | |
Other | 3 (1%) | 3 (3%) | 0 (0%) | |
Body Mass Index | 30.4 (5.5) | 31.5 (5.6) | 29.4 (5.2) | 0.006 |
HbA1c | 6.8 (1.2) | 6.8 (1.3) | 6.9 (1.1) | 0.619 |
Creatinine | 1.2 (0.5) | 1.2 (0.6) | 1.2 (0.5) | 0.511 |
Barthel Index, median (Q1, Q3) | 100 (80,100) | 100 (80,100) | 100 (80,100) | 0.877 |
Geriatric Depression Scale | 4.1 (3.1) | 3.6 (2.7) | 4.7 (3.3) | 0.011 |
Age-adjusted CCI | 9.7 (2.9) | 9.6 (3.1) | 9.9 (2.7) | 0.478 |
Comorbidity | ||||
Myocardial infarction | 32 (16%) | 19 (19%) | 13 (13%) | 0.351 |
Congestive heart failure | 159 (79%) | 82 (81%) | 78 (78%) | 0.700 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 65 (32%) | 31 (31%) | 35 (35%) | 0.617 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 28 (14%) | 11 (11%) | 17 (17%) | 0.295 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 176 (88%) | 88 (87%) | 88 (88%) | 1.000 |
Mild liver disease | 35 (17%) | 13 (13%) | 23 (23%) | 0.091 |
Diabetes without complications | 146 (73%) | 66 (65%) | 81 (81%) | 0.019 |
Diabetes with complications | 24 (12%) | 12 (12%) | 13 (13%) | 0.979 |
Renal disease | 92 (46%) | 41 (41%) | 52 (52%) | 0.139 |
Any malignancy | 24 (12%) | 15 (15%) | 9 (9%) | 0.288 |
Moderate or severe liver disease | 32 (16%) | 18 (18%) | 15 (15%) | 0.727 |