Table 1 Baseline patients’ characteristics (A-CLABSI, B-CDI, and C-SSI)
From: Is it financially beneficial for hospitals to prevent nosocomial infections?
A - Central-line associated blood-stream infection (CLABSI) | ||
Cases | Controls | |
N = 62 | N = 178 | |
N (%) / mean ± SD | N (%) / mean ± SD | |
Demographics | ||
Female gender | 24 (39) | 70 (39) |
Age (years) | 64.7 ± 16 | 64.2 ± 19 |
Age group (years) | ||
0–18 a | 18 (29) | 54 (31) |
> 18–50 | 10 (16) | 27 (15) |
> 50–70 | 14 (23) | 41 (23) |
> 70 | 20 (32) | 55 (31) |
Nursing-home residence | 10 (16) | 22 (12) |
ICU type | ||
General (medical or surgical) | 41 (66) | 115 (65) |
Cardiac or cardiothoracic surgery | 3 (5) | 9 (5) |
Neonatal | 18 (29) | 54 (30) |
Time from ICU admission to inclusion (days) | 12 ± 17 | 11 ± 15 |
Clinical characteristics at inclusion | ||
Mechanical ventilation | 40 (64) | 114 (64) |
Diabetes mellitus | 17 (27) | 52 (29) |
Creatinine above 150 mmol/liter | 17 (27) | 51 (28) |
Dialysis | 5 (8) | 10 (6) |
Congestive heart failure | 8 (13) | 27 (15) |
Cirrhosis | 1 (2) | 8 (4) |
Albumin (g/L) | 22± 5 | 26 ± 7 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | 5 (8) | 15 (8) |
Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II | ||
≤ 52 | 12 (29%) | 36 (30%) |
> 52 | 40 (71%) | 84 (70%) |
B -Clostridium difficileinfection (CDI) | ||
Cases | Controls | |
N = 92 | N = 276 | |
N (%) / mean ± SD | N (%) / mean ± SD | |
Demographics | ||
Internal Medicine / Surgical ward | 72:20 (78:22) | 216:60 (78:22) |
Female gender | 49 (53) | 147 (53) |
Age (years) | 76 ± 14 | 74 ± 14 |
Age group (years) | ||
> 18–50 | 6 (7) | 18 (7) |
> 50–70 | 15 (16) | 45 (16) |
> 70 | 71 (77) | 213 (77) |
Nursing-home residence | 30 (33) | 42 (15) |
Time from admission to inclusion (days) | 15 ± 17 | 14 ± 16 |
Clinical characteristics at inclusion | ||
Mechanical ventilation | 3 (3) | 9 (3) |
Diabetes mellitus | 34 (37) | 132 (48) |
Creatinine above 150 mmol/liter | 33 (36) | 87 (32) |
Dialysis | 6 (7) | 20 (7) |
Congestive heart failure | 23 (25) | 76 (28) |
Cirrhosis | 3 (3) | 12 (4) |
Albumin (g/L) | 26 ± 6 | 30 ± 7 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | 6 (7) | 46 (17) |
Charlson comorbidity index | ||
≥ 6 | 64 (70) | 192 (70) |
C - Surgical site infection (SSI) | ||
Cases | Controls | |
N = 76 | N = 215 | |
N (%) / mean ± SD | N (%) / mean ± SD | |
Demographics | ||
Deep: Superficial | 39:37 (51:49) | – |
Female gender | 42 (55) | 119 (55) |
Age (years) | 64 ± 18 | 64 ± 17 |
Age group (years) | ||
> 18–50 | 18 (24) | 48 (22) |
> 50–70 | 24 (32) | 78 (36) |
> 70 | 34 (45) | 89 (41) |
Nursing-home residence | 0 (0) | 6 (3) |
Operation type | ||
Breast | 4 (5) | 12 (6) |
Cholecystectomy | 10 (13) | 30 (14) |
Colon | 19 (25) | 50 (23) |
Inguinal hernia | 5 (7) | 15 (7) |
Spine | 10 (13) | 29 (13) |
Total hip replacement (THR) | 11 (14) | 30 (14) |
Total knee replacement (TKR) | 17 (22) | 49 (23) |
Clinical characteristics at inclusion | ||
Mechanical ventilation | 0 | 0 |
Diabetes mellitus | 13 (17) | 26 (12) |
Creatinine above 150 mmol/liter | 4 (5) | 1 (0.5) |
Dialysis | 1 (1) | 0 |
Congestive heart failure | 3 (4) | 5 (2) |
Cirrhosis | 0 | 1 (0.5) |
Albumin (g/L) | 38 ± 7 | 40 ± 6 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | 2 (3) | 4 (2) |
American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score | ||
1 | 13 (17) | 33 (16) |
2 | 43 (57) | 137 (64) |
3 | 19 (25) | 39 (20) |
4 | 1 (1) | 2 (1) |
5 | 0 | 0 |
Emergency | 6 (8) | 11 (5) |