Table 3 Distributions of the investigated variables
| Â | English region | Finnish region | German region | Greek region | Dutch region | Spanish region | Total sample | Region differencesa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control variablesb | ||||||||
 Gender | ||||||||
  Valid data | 209 | 132 | 217 | 153 | 290 | 70 | 1071 |  |
  Male | 64.6% | 65.2% | 53.9% | 58.2% | 59.3% | 55.7% | 59.6% | n.s.c |
 Age in years | ||||||||
  Valid data | 211 | 133 | 218 | 153 | 294 | 71 | 1080 |  |
  Mean (SD) | 63.0 (11.9) | 63.5 (9.6) | 65.7 (11.2) | 66.0 (10.6) | 65.0 (10.0) | 69.3 (11.4) | 65.0 (10.9) | p < 0.001d |
 Education | ||||||||
  Valid data | 191 | 129 | 211 | 150 | 287 | 68 | 1036 |  |
  High | 39.8% | 59.7% | 66.4% | 27.3% | 76.3% | 26.5% | 55.1% | p < 0.001c |
 Stage of diabetes | ||||||||
  Valid data | 204 | 124 | 207 | 125 | 276 | 63 | 999 |  |
  Diet only | 13.7% | 3.2% | 7.7% | 1.6% | 19.9% | 4.8% | 10.8% | p < 0.001c |
  Oral, no insulin | 65.7% | 69.4% | 58.9% | 68.8% | 65.9% | 63.5% | 65.1% | |
  Insulin | 20.6% | 27.4% | 33.3% | 29.6% | 14.1% | 31.7% | 24.1% | |
 Heart problems | ||||||||
  Valid data | 207 | 126 | 193 | 144 | 284 | 70 | 1024 |  |
  Yes | 25.1% | 19.0% | 21.8% | 30.6% | 14.8% | 18.6% | 21.2% | p < 0.01c |
 Previous stroke | ||||||||
  Valid data | 212 | 135 | 217 | 151 | 289 | 70 | 1074 |  |
  Yes | 7.5% | 2.2% | 10.6% | 6.0% | 4.5% | 5.7% | 6.3% | p < 0.05c |
 Problems with lower extremities | ||||||||
  Valid data | 206 | 134 | 215 | 148 | 283 | 71 | 1057 |  |
  Yes | 17.0% | 12.7% | 26.0% | 12.2% | 5.3% | 15.5% | 14.4% | p < 0.001c |
 Problems with sight | ||||||||
  Valid data | 210 | 133 | 216 | 151 | 292 | 70 | 1072 |  |
  Yes | 24.3% | 10.5% | 17.6% | 15.9% | 8.6% | 28.6% | 16.0% | p < 0.001c |
 Problems with kidney | ||||||||
  Valid data | 207 | 133 | 212 | 145 | 286 | 71 | 1054 |  |
  Yes | 0.5% | 0.0% | 0.9% | 0.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.4% | n.s.c |
Focal predictorse | ||||||||
 Travel distance to provider in kilometres | ||||||||
 Mean (SD) | 1.6 (2.9) | 9.2 (10.7) | 5.7 (6.1) | 15.8 (20.6) | 1.9 (1.8) | 1.5 (1.3) | 5.4 (10.4) | p < 0.001d |
 Travel time to provider in minutes | ||||||||
  Mean (SD) | 14.6 (9.9) | 16.7 (11.5) | 13.1 (9.2) | 28.8 (25.9) | 7.7 (5.1) | 14.4 (9.8) | 14.7 (14.2) | p < 0.001d |
 In-practice waiting time in minutes | ||||||||
  Mean (SD) | 18.5 (13.9) | 13.7 (10.3) | 43.6 (32.5) | 52.8 (41.1) | 12.9 (19.6) | 38.2 (30.0) | 27.5 (30.1) | p < 0.001d |
 Quality of communicationf | ||||||||
  Mean (SD) | 3.9 (1.2) | 4.2 (1.0) | 4.2 (1.1) | 3.9 (1.3) | 4.4 (1.0) | 3.5 (1.5) | 4.1 (1.2) | p < 0.001d |
Criterion variablee | ||||||||
 Numbers of physician visits per year | ||||||||
  Mean (SD) | 3.3 (3.0) | 2.5 (1.4) | 4.6 (4.0) | 4.9 (4.3) | 3.7 (1.3) | 4.6 (5.9) | 3.9 (3.3) | p < 0.001d |