From: An empirical study on the determinants of health care expenses in emerging economies
CIPS test | Â | CADF test | Â | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Levels |  | ∆ |  | Levels |  | ∆ |  |
Variables | Statistics | P-value | Statistics | P-value | Statistics | P-value | Statistics | P-value |
lnPHCE | − 2.002 | 0.624 | −3.923 | 0.005** | −1.412 | 0.929 | −2.986 | 0.000*** |
lnOOP | − 2.16 | 0.432 | −3.782 | 0.000*** | −1.701 | 0.569 | − 2.799 | 0.000*** |
lnPOP | −2.662 | 0.546 | −2.137 | 0.005** | −1.651 | 0.656 | −2.799 | 0.008** |
lnAGRIC | −3.392 | 0.052* | −4.198 | 0.001*** | −2.282 | 0.007** | −2.391 | 0.020** |
lnIND | −1.369 | 0.876 | −2.835 | 0.031** | −1.304 | 0.975 | −2.372 | 0.023** |
lnGDP | −2.614 | 0.065* | −3.504 | 0.002*** | −1.718 | 0.539 | −2.366 | 0.002*** |
lnTec | −2.522 | 0.021** | −4.114 | 0.001*** | −2.455 | 0.001*** | −2.274 | 0.008** |