BMC Health Services Research

Table 5 Results unit root test results

From: An empirical study on the determinants of health care expenses in emerging economies

CIPS test					CADF test
	Levels		∆		Levels		∆
Variables	Statistics	P-value	Statistics	P-value	Statistics	P-value	Statistics	P-value
lnPHCE	− 2.002	0.624	−3.923	0.005**	−1.412	0.929	−2.986	0.000***
lnOOP	− 2.16	0.432	−3.782	0.000***	−1.701	0.569	− 2.799	0.000***
lnPOP	−2.662	0.546	−2.137	0.005**	−1.651	0.656	−2.799	0.008**
lnAGRIC	−3.392	0.052*	−4.198	0.001***	−2.282	0.007**	−2.391	0.020**
lnIND	−1.369	0.876	−2.835	0.031**	−1.304	0.975	−2.372	0.023**
lnGDP	−2.614	0.065*	−3.504	0.002***	−1.718	0.539	−2.366	0.002***
lnTec	−2.522	0.021**	−4.114	0.001***	−2.455	0.001***	−2.274	0.008**

∆ denotes first difference, *,**,** and * represent 10, 5 and 1% level of significances respectively

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ISSN: 1472-6963

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