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Table 1 Characteristics of maternal healthcare providers and facilities in Uganda and Zambia

From: Determinants of healthcare providers’ confidence in their clinical skills to deliver quality obstetric and newborn care in Uganda and Zambia

 

Total

Uganda

Zambia

(N = 574)

N (%)

(N = 309)

N (%)

(N = 265)

N (%)

Confidence score (mean ± SD)

0.71 (0.20)

0.69 (0.20)

0.74 (0.20)

Knowledge score (mean ± SD)

0.56 (0.12)

0.53 (0.10)

0.59 (0.13)

Scope of practice (mean ± SD)

0.57 (0.24)

0.54 (0.24)

0.61 (0.23)

Provider characteristics

 Age (mean ± SD)

35.5 (10.5)

33.2 (10.1)

38.3 (10.3)

 Days of training in past year (mean ± SD)

5.2 (10.8)

5.5 (12.2)

4.9 (8.8)

 Female

398 (69.3%)

217 (70.2%)

181 (68.3%)

Qualification

 Nurse assistantsa

15 (2.6%)

15 (4.9%)

–

 Enrolled nurseb

140 (24.4%)

64 (20.7%)

76 (28.7%)

 Enrolled midwifec

195 (34.0%)

96 (31.1%)

99 (37.4%)

 Registered nursed

45 (7.8%)

17 (5.5%)

28 (10.6%)

 Registered midwifee

90 (15.7%)

58 (18.8%)

32 (12.1%)

 Clinical officerf

56 (9.8%)

36 (11.7%)

20 (7.5%)

 Doctorg

33 (5.7%)

23 (7.4%)

10 (3.8%)

Facility characteristics

 Facility level

  Health centerh

339 (59.1%)

165 (53.4%)

174 (65.7%)

  Hospitali

235 (40.9%)

144 (46.6%)

91 (34.3%)

 Facility ownership

  Private (for profit, not-for profit)

153 (26.7%)

102 (33.0%)

51 (19.2%)

  Public

421 (73.3%)

207 (67.0%)

214 (80.8%)

 Facility location

  Rural

267 (46.5%)

141 (45.6%)

126 (47.5%)

  Urban

307 (53.5%)

168 (54.4%)

139 (52.5%)

Intervention district

 Control

204 (35.5%)

113 (36.6%)

91 (34.3%)

 Intervention

370 (64.5%)

196 (63.4%)

174 (65.7%)

Country

 Uganda

309 (53.8%)

309 (100%)

0 (0%)

 Zambia

265 (46.2%)

0 (0%)

265 (100%)

  1. Maternal healthcare providers are those clinicians who were directly involved in the provision of obstetric and newborn care such as delivery, antenatal care, and postnatal care. Confidence questionnaire was based on self-reported performance of 27 common obstetric tasks using four-level Likert item. Knowledge test was based on 60 multiple-choice questions on general obstetric knowledge for management of early pregnancy, labor and delivery, and postpartum care. Scope of practice questionnaire asked providers whether they had performed twenty-seven common obstetric tasks (the same as the confidence questionnaire) in the past three months. aNurse assistants are trained for about 6 months and exist only in Uganda. bEnrolled nurses and cenrolled midwives are trained for 2–3 years. Enrolled nurses are similar to licensed practical nurses in the United States. dRegistered nurses and eregistered midwives receive medical training for 3 to 4.5 years. fClinical officers receive 3 years of training. gDoctors are typically trained for 5 to 7 years. Provider qualification can vary by country. hHealth centers are equipped to provide basic emergency obstetric and neonatal care (BEmONC) which includes 7 signal functions: 1) Administration of parenteral antibiotics, 2) Administration of uterotonic drugs for active management of the third stage of labor and prevention of postpartum hemorrhage, 3) Use of parenteral anticonvulsants for the management of preeclampsia/eclampsia, 4) Manual removal of placenta, 5) Removal of retained products, 6) Assistance of vaginal delivery, and 7) Basic neonatal resuscitation. iHospitals are equipped to provide comprehensive obstetric and neonatal care (CEmONC) which perform the 7 basic functions of BEmONC and two additional services: cesarean delivery and blood transfusion
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BMC Health Services Research

ISSN: 1472-6963

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