Fig. 1From: Does disease management for diabetic nephropathy reduce medical expenditure? Evidence from a three-period difference-in-differences analysisAverage log total medical cost excluding dialysis cost per patient per month of DMD participants and non-participants in the 2011 fiscal year. The vertical axis represents the log-transformed average value of the total medical cost excluding dialysis cost, and the period (month and year) is shown on the horizontal axisBack to article page