Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR,95%CI | P | OR,95%CI | P | OR,95%CI | P | OR,95%CI | P | OR,95%CI | P | |
Individual level | ||||||||||
 Area | ||||||||||
  Urban (ref) |  |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |
  Rural |  |  | 1.05 (0.77 ~ 1.43) | 0.74 | 1.15 (0.83 ~ 1.57) | 0.40 | 1.20 (0.89 ~ 1.63) | 0.24 | 1.26 (0.92 ~ 1.72) | 0.15 |
 Gender | ||||||||||
  Male (ref) |  |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |
  Female |  |  | 0.91 (0.76 ~ 1.10) | 0.35 | 1.02 (0.84 ~ 1.24) | 0.84 | 0.92 (0.76 ~ 1.10) | 0.35 | 1.02 (0.84 ~ 1.24) | 0.85 |
 Age group, years | ||||||||||
   < 65 (ref) |  |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |
   ≥ 65 |  |  | 0.88 (0.73 ~ 1.05) | 0.16 | 1.06 (0.88 ~ 1.29) | 0.53 | 0.87 (0.73 ~ 1.04) | 0.13 | 1.05 (0.87 ~ 1.28) | 0.59 |
 Household income per capita, Yuan | ||||||||||
   < 2800 |  |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |
  2800~ |  |  | 1.10 (0.86 ~ 1.42) | 0.45 | 0.99 (0.77 ~ 1.29) | 0.96 | 1.11 (0.86 ~ 1.43) | 0.42 | 1.00 (0.77 ~ 1.30) | 0.99 |
  6000~ |  |  | 1.06 (0.82 ~ 1.38) | 0.65 | 0.95 (0.73 ~ 1.25) | 0.74 | 1.06 (0.82 ~ 1.38) | 0.64 | 0.96 (0.73 ~ 1.25) | 0.74 |
   ≥ 12,000 |  |  | 0.93 (0.72 ~ 1.22) | 0.62 | 0.76 (0.58 ~ 1.00) | 0.05 | 0.95 (0.73 ~ 1.24) | 0.71 | 0.78 (0.59 ~ 1.03) | 0.08 |
 Duration of diabetes, years | ||||||||||
   < 5 (ref) |  |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |
  5 ~ 10 |  |  | 1.16 (0.93 ~ 1.43) | 0.18 | 1.09 (0.88 ~ 1.36) | 0.43 | 1.15 (0.93 ~ 1.42) | 0.20 | 1.09 (0.87 ~ 1.36) | 0.45 |
   > 10 |  |  | 1.02 (0.82 ~ 1.27) | 0.88 | 0.86 (0.69 ~ 1.09) | 0.21 | 1.02 (0.82 ~ 1.27) | 0.88 | 0.86 (0.69 ~ 1.09) | 0.21 |
 Diabetic knowledge score |  |  |  |  | 1.14 (1.10 ~ 1.17) | 0.00 |  |  | 1.14 (1.10 ~ 1.17) | 0.00* |
 Diabetic self-efficacy score |  |  |  |  | 1.04 (1.02 ~ 1.06) | 0.00 |  |  | 1.04 (1.02 ~ 1.06) | 0.00* |
Community level | ||||||||||
 Types of PHIs | ||||||||||
  Township-level PHIs (ref) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |
  Village-level PHIs |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.00 (0.64 ~ 1.55) | 0.99 | 1.10 (0.71 ~ 1.76) | 0.63 |
  Number of health workers per 1000 population serviced by PHI |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.02 | 0.02 | 1.18 (1.06 ~ 1.30) | 0.03* |
  Healthcare providers knowledge score on diabetes management delivery in PHIs |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.80 | 0.80 | 1.02 (0.89 ~ 1.17) | 0.76 |
Variance components | ||||||||||
 Community level variance | 0.287 |  | 0.285 |  | 0.283 |  | 0.257 |  | 0.235 |  |
 Intra-class correlation | 0.080 |  | 0.080 |  | 0.080 |  | 0.072 |  | 0.067 |  |