Table 1 Categorisation of staff descriptions of important factors before the 283 incidents
Subcategory | Category | Main area |
|---|---|---|
Psychiatric diagnosis/symptoms/conditions (106) | Patient traits and states | Internal patient factors |
Disruptive/violent/impulsive behaviour (68) | ||
Substance abuse (60) | ||
Scared/anxious/frustrated/suspicious (34) | ||
Sudden threatening/violent behaviour (34) | ||
Intellectual disability/dementia/brain injury (10) | ||
Approaching staff suddenly and unpredictably (8) | ||
Foreign background (8) | ||
Self-harm/suicide attempt (7) | ||
Inappropriate sexual or misogynistic behaviour (5) | ||
Historic sexual abuse of patient (1) | ||
Serious somatic illness (1) | ||
Special and rare circumstances (5) | ||
Organisational problems/inadequate handling (29) | Characteristics of organisation and staff | External factors |
Change of shift/staff busy (7) | ||
Scared/anxious/inexperienced staff (6) | ||
Staff preparing to intervene (1) | ||
Denied request/unwanted news (58) | Unwanted decision or information | Situational and relational factors |
Medicine denied or enforced (31) | ||
Medication of patients (26) | Measures taken impacting the patient | |
Patient about to be admitted/discharged (15) | ||
Patient in doctor or staff consultation (13) | ||
Police intervention (11) | ||
Patient supervised/secluded (7) | ||
Patient (about to be) mechanically restrained (6) |