Resource implications of the latent tuberculosis cascade of care: a time and motion study in five countries

Table 4 HCW time required for each encounter/activity in the LTBI Cascade of Care, by country income level and cadre of workers (from linear mixed model)

Model		Time (min)	95% CI*
1. Identify contacts	Nurse in Canada^a	12.8	(5.1, 20.6)
1. Identify contacts	Nurse in LMIC^b	7.5	(0.9, 14.2)
2. Place TST	Nurse in Canada	15.8	(11.4, 20.2)
2. Place TST	Nurse in LMIC	4.5	(0.0*, 9.5)
3. Read TST	Nurse in Canada	12.0	(9.5, 14.5)
3. Read TST	Nurse in LMIC	2.9	(0.0*, 5.8)
4. Conduct medical evaluation	Doctor in Canada	13.1	(10.2, 15.9)
4. Conduct medical evaluation	Doctor in LMIC	9.7	(5.0, 14.4)
1.1.5. Recommend and discuss LTBI treatment^c	Doctor in Canada	14.3	(9.8, 18.8)
	Nurse in Canada	16.0	(11.3, 20.8)
	Doctor in LMIC	5.5	(0.0*, 11.7)
	Nurse in LMIC	7.2	(1.8, 12.5)
6. LTBI follow-up visit	Nurse in Canada	14.8	(10.3, 19.3)
6. LTBI follow-up visit	Nurse in LMIC	6.5	(1.2, 11.9)

^aCanada is the one high-income country
^bLMICs include: Benin, Ghana, Indonesia, and Vietnam
^cIn the LMM for Step #5, there was not a statistically significant interaction between type of HCW and setting, so the expected difference between doctors and nurses is the same whether in HIC or LMIC settings
*Note: Where the CI lower limit is below zero, values were cut-off at 0 minutes

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