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Table 4 Changes in physiotherapists' determinants of implementation behaviour from baseline (directly after workshop) (n = 108)

From: Confidence, attitudes, beliefs and determinants of implementation behaviours among physiotherapists towards clinical management of low back pain before and after implementation of the BetterBack model of care

   

Within-subjects effects

Within-subjects simple contrasts

Mean (SD)

F-value;

p-value; Effect Size

Change from baseline Mean (95% CI)

F-value; p-value; Effect Size

COM-B Capability

Knowledge

 

F(2, 214) = 12.6;

p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.105

  

Directly after

82.3 (14.4)

   

3 months post

74.9 (17.1)

 

− 7.4 (− 10.8 to − 4.1)

F(1, 107) = 19.1; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.152

12 months post

80.7 (16.8)

 

−1.6 (− 4.7 to 1.5)

F(1, 107) = 1.1; p < 0.30; ηp2 = 0.010

Skills

 

F(1.7, 182) = 2.3;

p = 0.11; ηp2 = 0.021

  

Directly after

85.6 (18.2)

   

3 months post

81.5 (19.4)

 

− 4.2 (− 8.3 to − 0.1)

F(1, 107) = 4.1; p < 0.05; ηp2 = 0.037

12 months post

84.3 (19.5)

 

− 1.4 (− 5.9 to 3.1)

F(1, 107) = 0.4; p < 0.54; ηp2 = 0.004

Behavioural regulation

 

F(2, 214) = 2.1;

p = 0.13; ηp2 = 0.019

  

Directly after

61.4 (18.5)

   

3 months post

58.5 (17.6)

 

−2.9 (− 6.4 to 0.5)

F(1, 107) = 2.9; p = 0.03; ηp2 = 0.026

12 months post

58.5 (17.0)

 

− 2.9 (− 6.4 to 0.6)

F(1, 107) = 2.7; p = 0.03; ηp2 = 0.025

COM-B Opportunity

Organisation

 

F(1.9, 201) = 5.1;

p < 0.01; ηp2 = 0.046

  

Directly after

72.9 (23.0)

   

3 months post

68.9 (20.1)

 

− 4.1 (− 8.2 to 0.1)

F(1, 107) = 3.8; p = 0.05; ηp2 = 0.034

12 months post

66.2 (16.1)

 

−6.7 (− 11.4 to 2.0)

F(1, 107) = 8.1; p < 0.01 ηp2 = 0.070

Social influence

 

F(2, 214) = 8.6;

p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.074

  

Directly after

76.9 (17.9)

   

3 months post

73.0 (20.4)

 

−3.9 (−8.0 to 0.3)

F(1, 107) = 3.4; p = 0.07; ηp2 = 0.031

12 months post

68.5 (16.2)

 

− 8.3 (−12.3 to − 4.3)

F(1, 107) = 17.1; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.138

Patients

 

F(2, 214) = 0.3;

p = 0.77; ηp2 = 0.002

  

Directly after

62.3 (14.1)

   

3 months post

61.1 (14.7)

 

−1.2 (−4.7 to 2.3)

F(1, 107) = 0.4; p = 0.51; ηp2 = 0.004

12 months post

62.0 (13.3)

 

−0.2 (− 3.7 to 3.2)

F(1, 107) = 0.2; p = 0.90; ηp2 < 0.001

Innovation

 

F(1.9, 203) = 23.4;

p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.180

  

Directly after

77.8 (14.5)

   

3 months post

70.0 (16,5)

 

−7.8 (−10.9 to −4.8)

F(1, 107) = 25.7; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.194

12 months post

68.4 (18.3)

 

−9.4 (− 12.6 to −6.3)

F(1, 107) = 35.9; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.251

COM-B Motivation

Beliefs about Capabilities

 

F(2, 214) = 2.9;

p = 0.06; ηp2 = 0.026

  

Directly after

71.6 (16.5)

   

3 months post

66.8 (19.7)

 

−4.2 (−8.3 to −0.1)

F(1, 107) = 5.7; p = 0.02; ηp2 = 0.051

12 months post

69.5 (17.2)

 

−2.1 (−6.4 to 2.2)

F(1, 107) = 0.9; p = 0.34; ηp2 = 0.009

Beliefs about consequences

 

F(2, 214) = 41.2;

p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.278

  

Directly after

79.7 (15.0)

   

3 months post

68.4 (19.4)

 

−11.3 (− 14.3 to −8.4)

F(1, 107) = 57.4; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.349

12 months post

67.1 (18.7)

 

−12.7 (− 15.7 to −9,6)

F(1, 107) = 65.8; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.381

Intentions

 

F(1.8, 196) = 38.6;

p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.265

  

Directly after

85.4 (21,7)

   

3 months post

79.6 (23.5)

 

−5.8 (−10.0 to − 1.6)

F(1, 107) = 7.4; p < 0.01; ηp2 = 0.065

12 months post

64.6 (25.6)

 

−20.8 (− 26.3 to − 15.3)

F(1, 107) = 56.9; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.347

  1. Abbreviations: SD Standard Deviation, CI Confidence Interval, ηp2 Partial Eta Squared, COM-B “Capability”, “Opportunity”, “Motivation” and “Behaviour” model