Rural and urban differences in health system performance among older Chinese adults: cross-sectional analysis of a national sample

Table 3 Healthcare access domain indicators in rural and urban China

Access indicator	Overall	Urban (Ref)	Rural	Regression coefficient*
Received healthcare last time when needed (%)	94.5	93.7	95.2	1.15 (0.75, 1.78) ^a
Cost was a barrier to get healthcare (%)	23.5	26.0	20.6	0.82 (0.36, 1.87) ^a
Outpatient
Any outpatient visits in the past 12 months (%)	60.2	56.8	63.3	1.25 (0.95, 1.64) ^a
Number of outpatient visits in the past 12 months	5.3	6.3	4.6	−0.18 (0.10) ^b
How long it took you to get to the clinic (% > 1 h)	2.6	2.2	3.0	0.89 (0.36, 2.34) ^a
Inpatient
Any hospital stays in the past 3 years (%)	22.2	22.5	21.8	0.93 (0.75, 1.16) ^a
Length of hospital stays in the past 12 months	0.18	0.19	0.18	−0.02 (0.02) ^b
How long it took you to get to the hospital (% > 1 h)	7.2	1.2	13.6	9.34 (3.67, 23.77) ^a

Number of outpatient visits and hospital stays were log-transformed to normalize its distribution and used in the regression model
Urban is the reference group;
*All models adjusted for age, gender, education, income quintile, marital status, insurance status and province of residence;
Bold for significance level of 0.05;
^a: regression coefficient represents the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) from the logistic model
^b: regression coefficient represents the results from linear-regression model

ISSN: 1472-6963