Relationship of patient safety culture with factors influencing working environment such as working hours, the number of night shifts, and the number of days off among healthcare workers in Japan: a cross-sectional study

Hayashi, Ryosuke; Fujita, Shigeru; Iida, Shuhei; Nagai, Yoji; Shimamori, Yoshiko; Hasegawa, Tomonori

doi:10.1186/s12913-020-05114-8

Table 2 Patient safety culture scores in all respondents

From: Relationship of patient safety culture with factors influencing working environment such as working hours, the number of night shifts, and the number of days off among healthcare workers in Japan: a cross-sectional study

	All respondents	Working hours in a week				Number of night shifts in a month				Number of days off in a month
	All respondents	< 40	40–60	≥60	Spearman’s ρ	0	1–4	≥5	Spearman’s ρ	≥10	7–9	< 7	Spearman’s ρ
(Number of respondents)	(3768)	(1154)	(2145)	(365)		(764)	(1628)	(1347)		(1049)	(2137)	(487)
Teamwork within units	0.76	0.79	0.75	0.73	−0.07^a	0.76	0.76	0.76	0.01	0.80	0.75	0.72	−0.08^a
Supervisor or manager expectations and actions promoting patient safety	0.70	0.72	0.69	0.68	−0.06^a	0.68	0.71	0.70	0.03	0.73	0.69	0.66	−0.07^a
Organizational learning-continuous improvement	0.58	0.61	0.57	0.57	− 0.05^a	0.61	0.59	0.56	−0.05^a	0.61	0.57	0.55	−0.07^a
Management support for patient safety	0.61	0.64	0.60	0.54	−0.08^a	0.62	0.62	0.58	−0.04^a	0.65	0.60	0.56	−0.08^a
Overall perceptions of patient safety	0.59	0.61	0.58	0.54	−0.06^a	0.63	0.60	0.55	−0.09^a	0.59	0.59	0.58	0.00
Feedback and communication about error	0.66	0.70	0.66	0.53	−0.11^a	0.65	0.64	0.68	0.05^b	0.72	0.66	0.52	−0.15^a
Communication openness	0.57	0.59	0.57	0.56	−0.03	0.58	0.58	0.56	−0.02	0.60	0.57	0.56	−0.04^b
Frequency of events reported	0.71	0.71	0.72	0.65	−0.02	0.70	0.71	0.72	0.02	0.72	0.71	0.64	−0.04^b
Teamwork across units	0.49	0.51	0.48	0.51	−0.03	0.50	0.51	0.47	−0.05^a	0.51	0.48	0.52	0.00
Staffing	0.42	0.46	0.41	0.37	−0.09^a	0.46	0.45	0.37	−0.14^a	0.42	0.43	0.41	0.00
Handoffs and transitions	0.35	0.37	0.35	0.28	−0.07^a	0.36	0.36	0.34	−0.01	0.37	0.34	0.32	−0.05^a
Nonpunitive response to errors	0.51	0.52	0.50	0.49	−0.03	0.55	0.54	0.45	−0.11^a	0.49	0.51	0.52	0.02
Proportion of respondents who rated the patient safety grade as “very good” or “good”	0.48	0.52	0.47	0.43	0.06^a,c	0.50	0.50	0.44	0.06^a,c	0.47	0.48	0.50	0.02^c
Proportion of respondents who reported one or more events	0.79	0.79	0.80	0.70	0.07^a,c	0.60	0.79	0.90	0.26^a,c	0.84	0.80	0.64	0.16^a,c

^aP < 0.01
^bP < 0.05
^cCramer’s V

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